Kana iwe wakanzwa nezve EDM uye uri kushamisika kuti chii chiri pamusoro, iwe wauya kunzvimbo chaiyo. Iyi nzira, inozivikanwawo se Electrical discharge machiningIyo inobvumira kugadzirwa kweakaomesesa geometri mumidziyo yakaoma kwazvo pasina chishandiso chinobata chebasa. Mune mamwe mazwi, chishandiso hachicheke: spark inoita basa.
Mugwaro rose iri uchanzwisisa Chii chinonzi EDM, chinoshanda sei, ndeapi marudzi aripo, zvinhu zvipi zvingaita muchina?Iwe unozodzidza pazvinenge zvakakodzera kuishandisa, mari inosanganisirwa, uye kuti inofananidzwa sei neyechinyakare machining. Iwe uchaona zvakare zvikamu zvaro, nhanho-ne-nhanho mafambiro, uye mhinduro kumibvunzo yakajairika, zvese zvinoratidzwa nenzira yakajeka uye yakasikwa kuti zvive nyore kuwana zvaunoda.
Chii chinonzi EDM (Electrical Discharge Machining)?
EDM inzira yekubvisa zvinhu uchishandisa simba rinopisa: akadzora kubuda kwemagetsi pakati pe electrode uye workpiece Inoshandiswa kunyungudusa uye kunyungudutsa zvikamu zvidiki zvesimbi. Inoshanda chete ne conductive kana semiconducting zvinhu, saka mapurasitiki, huni, girazi, kana insulating ceramics hazvina kukodzera.
Simba rayo guru nderekuti a nzira pasina mechanical kuonanaSezvo pasina simba rekucheka, deformation inodzikiswa muzvikamu zvakatetepa, madziro akatetepa kana akatetepa zvakanyanya, uye akanyanya kunaka epamusoro anopedzisa ane anoda kushivirira anowanikwa.
Nezvekwakabva, kuparara kwemagetsi kwave kuchizivikanwa kubvira muzana remakore rechi18, asi maiva muma1940 umo masayendisiti eSoviet. B. uye N. Lazarenko Vakagadzira dunhu rekudzokororwa kuburitswa mune dielectric svikiro yakaita kuti machining anodzorwa ashande. Mukupera kwema60, waya yemagetsi kubuda machining (EDM) yakasimuka mushure mekuonekwa kwemichina yekutanga yekutengesa, uye kubva ipapo tekinoroji yakaramba ichishanduka. yakakura uye inobatanidza CNC kutonga, multi-axis uye otomatiki.
Iyo inoshanda sei: kubva pamagetsi emagetsi kusvika pakubvisa zvinhu
Mumhando dzose dzeEDM, nheyo yacho yakafanana: electrode (waya, tsvimbo, kana electrode yakaumbwa) inounzwa pedyo nebasa rekushanda, kuchengetedza kuparadzaniswa kwe microscopic. Jenareta inoshandisa pulses inogadzira a spark pakati pe electrode nechidimbu; tembiricha yemuno inogona kusvika pakurongeka kwe14.500 kusvika 21.500 °F, inokwana kunyungudusa uye kunyungudutsa zvinhu panzvimbo dzakatarwa.
Maitiro acho anoitika zviuru zvenguva pasekondi. Dielectric fluid (mafuta chaiwo kana deionized mvura inoshanda se insulator uye inotonhoreraInobvisa iyo yakadzingwa micro-particles, inodzikamisa kubuda, uye inodzivirira spark dzisingadiwe. Zvichakadaro, servo system inodzora kupatsanurwa kuchengetedza spark panzvimbo yayo yakakwana, uye jenareta inogadzirisa ma paramita akadai sevoltage, yazvino, frequency, uye kunyange pulse chimiro.
Kusavapo kwekubatana kunoderedza kusara kunetseka uye burrs; kunyangwe zvakadaro, yakaonda "recast" layer inoumba pamusoro, saka muzvikamu zvakakosha zvinokurudzirwa gadzirisa simba rekupedzisira kupfuura kuvandudza metallurgical kutendeseka uye kupedza.
Izvo zvakakosha zvemuchina weEDM
Kupfuura furemu nemaaxles, muchina wemagetsi ekuburitsa machining (EDM) muchina unobatanidza akati wandei masisitimu anogonesa kurongeka uye kudzokorora kwemaitiro; chimwe nechimwe chazvo chine basa chairo. yakakosha pamhando yekupedzisira.
Simba rekupa uye pulse jenareta
Inopa simba system uye inoburitsa spark. Inotonga. voltage, ikozvino, frequency, uye pulse duration zvichienderana nekushanda: roughing, semi-finishing, kana kupedza. Kugadziriswa kwakanaka kwakakosha kuenzanisa chiyero chekutanga, kupfeka electrode, uye kupera kwepamusoro.
Electrodes
In sinker EDM, electrode inobereka mhango kuti igadzirwe mune zvakaipa; muwaya EDM, iyo electrode iwaya yakanaka kwazvo, uye mukuchera, ndizvo conductive chubhu iyo iyo dielectric inoyerera zvakare. Zvigadzirwa zvemhando: graphite, mhangura, mhangura-tungsten, tungsten, ndarira, uye alloys ane hukama, imwe neimwe iine zvimiro zvayo. kuenzanisa pakati pe conductivity, kupfeka kusagadzikana uye machinability.
Dielectric system
Ndiyo inoshanda "yepakati". Inogona kuva mafuta (akawanda anowanikwa mune sinkers) kana deionized mvura (yakajairika muwaya EDM). Inotonhorera, inobvisa zvimedu, inodzikamisa chiteshi chekuburitsa, uye inoderedza mapfupi maseketi. Inosanganisira tangi, pombi, mafirita, uye, mumichina yakawanda, kutonhora zvirongwa kudzora tembiricha yemvura.
Servocontrol uye nhamba yekudzora
Iyo servo control inogadzirisa gap (kupatsanurwa) pakati pe electrode uye workpiece munguva chaiyo kuti ive nechokwadi chinoshanda uye chakagadzikana spark, ukuwo CNC orchestrates. trajectories, zvido, nguva yekurodha uye kuwiriranisaUku kusanganiswa kunovimbisa kunyatso uye kudzokororwa kunyangwe mune zvakanakisa ruzivo.
Vatungamiri, misoro uye zvishongedzo
Wire EDM inoshandisa madhairekitori epamusoro uye epasi anobata uye anoisa waya; kurongeka kwavo uye kureba kwakasiyana kunobvumira kushanda nezvidimbu zvehukuru hwakasiyana. kureba uye cheka angled maererano neZ-axis. Muchina uyu unosanganisawo tangi rebasa, pombi, zvigadziriso, geji (voltmeter/ammeter) uye, kazhinji, yakatsaurirwa chidimbu chekuburitsa / kusefa system.
Mhando dzeEDM uye izvo imwe neimwe inoshandiswa
Zvichienderana nejometri, saizi yechimiro, uye kupera kwaunoda, imwe mhando kana imwe ichave yakakodzera. Vese vanogovana zvakafanana spark erosion musimboti, asi iyo electrode chishandiso uye ... kucheka zano.
EDM nekupinda (kunyura, kunyudzwa kana mhango)
Electrode ine chimiro chaidiwa (yakagadzirwa negraphite kana mhangura, semuenzaniso) inoshandiswa, iyo inopinzwa muworkpiece kuti "kopi" iyo geometry. Ndiyo nzira yakanakira mhango dzakaoma, tsinga dzakadzika, makona emukati akasimba uye mashoko asingagoneki kana kuti anodhura zvikuru kuwana nenzira dzakajairika. Uyezve, inoderedza post-processing inodiwa kuvandudza kupedzisa kana kuomesa nzvimbo.
Inowanzo shanda yakanyudzwa mumafuta edielectric uye inopa kutonga kwakanaka munzvimbo dze 3D, zvichiita kuti ive yakakosha mu. inofa, molds uye tooling zvekuoma kukuru. Kugona kwayo kunoenderana nekuoma kwezvinhu.
Wire EDM (waya magetsi ekuburitsa machining)
Inoshandisa waya yakanaka kwazvo conductive, kazhinji 0,05 kusvika 0,35 mm muhupamhi, iyo "inoona" zvinhu kuburikidza nepfarivari apo dielectric (deionized mvura) inotonhorera uye inobvisa zvimeduYakanakira chaizvo chaizvo 2D contours, zvakare ine tilts zvine ruremekedzo kuZ uye, munzvimbo dzepamberi, ine 5 axes.
Inoda gomba rekutanga rakarukwa uye rinogona kugadzira chete kuburikidza nemakomba, kwete bofu. Inobvumira diki diki remukati radii (yakaganhurirwa nedhayamita yewaya), kunyatsojeka muzvibhakera, kufa uye mota, zvinhu zvemuchadenga, zvokurapa nemazino.
EDM (kuchera EDM)
Inyanzvi mumakomba-makomba uye akadzika, akatwasuka, asina maburi maburi. Inoshandisa tubular electrodes inofambisa kuyerera kwe dielectric kuburikidza nechishandiso chekubvisa zvinhu. Inogona kuwana madhayamita kumativi 0,0015” (≈0,038 mm) kana kukwira, kunyangwe nereshiyo yakakwira zvakanyanya.
Mabhenefiti akakosha: madhiri asina kutsauka pane akakombama kana akarerekera, haabatike nekuoma kwezvinhu, uye anosiya kupera kwakanaka zvekuti, kazhinji, inoshanda senzvimbo inokunguruka pasina post-machining. Inowanzo shandiswa kutanga waya muwaya EDM, kubvisa matepi akaputsika, uye kugadzira nzira dzekutonhora mumablades eturbine.
Kusiyana uye kuwedzera: multi-axis, micro-EDM uye EDM milling
Ndeipi nguva yakakodzera kusarudza EDM?
Pane mamiriro ezvinhu apo EDM iri pachena yakanakisa sarudzo: kana geometries isingabviri kugaya kana kutendeuka pasina kukanganisa, kana zvinhu zvakanyanya kuoma, kana kana chinangwa chiri chekuzadzisa kutaridzika chaiko. yepamusoro, burr-isina kupera.
- Kuchera madiki-makomba uye makomba akadzika kwazvo ne kushivirira kwakasimba.
- Kucheka maextrusions, kutenderera zvimiro, uye yakaoma 2D contours ne kunyatsoita mushe.
- Chizvarwa cheakaomesesa 3D cavities mune mold uye anofa, ane tsinga dzakadzika uye makona akasimba emukati.
- Engraving pazvinhu zvakaoma (semuenzaniso, tungsten kana carbide).
- Kubviswa kwemapombi akatyoka kana madrills pasina kukuvadza workpiece, kunyangwe muzvinhu zvinopisa.
Zvakanakira uye zvausingakwanisi kuita
EDM inomira kunze kweiyo dimensional accuracy, kusavapo kwe mechanical stress, uye a kukwirira kwepamusoro kwepamusoroAsi haisi bara resirivha, uye zvakakoshawo kuziva zvipingamupinyi zvayo.
- Pros: isiri-contact process iyo inoderedza deformation; kushivirira kunoda kwazvo (pakurongeka kwe ± 0,0002 ″); mukana wekugadzira zvinhu zvakaoma kwazvoKucheka kwakadzika uye kwakagadzikana; zvishoma burrs; yakaderera chishandiso chekupfeka chiyero kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairwa kucheka; mukana we "lights off" automation.
- Cons: inononoka boot nguva kupfuura mukugadzirwa kwechinyakare; haina kukodzera kune zvisiri-conductive zvinhu; kushandiswa kwemagetsi kwakanyanya; muchina mukuru uye mari yekushandisa (electrodes, waya, dielectric); iyo annealed layer ingada kupedzisa kupfuura; muwaya EDM, mapofu mapofu haagone kuitwa, uye iyo shoma yemukati radius inoganhurwa neiyo thread diameterMakona akapinza zvakakwana haana kudhindwa.
Zvinhu zvinoenderana
Anenge ese masimbi anoitisa uye alloys anogona kugadzirwa. Pakati pezvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndezvi: simbi (kusanganisira simbi yakaoma uye isina tsvina)mhangura, aluminium, ndarira, graphite, titanium, tungsten carbide, Kovar, goridhe nesirivha.
Mune nickel-based superalloys (Inconel, Hastelloy) EDM inoshanda yakavimbika; ane high-purity nickels anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune aeronautics, the electrode kusarudzwa uye parameters Izvo zvakakosha pakuchengetedza yakagadzikana yekutanga-up mitengo uye kunaka kupedzisa.
Maindasitiri akajairika uye zvikamu
Electrical discharge machining (EDM) yave chishandiso chakakosha muzvikamu uko kurongeka uye zvakaoma zvinhu zvakakosha, zvine mukurumbira mu. aerospace, motokari, zvokurapa uye simba.
- Aerospace: turbine blades, majekiseni, zvinhu zvinotonhora, zvitsigiso zvechimiro uye dzimba dzeavionics dzine kushivirira kwakakosha.
- Kugadzira mota uye kufa: zvibhakera, kucheka, extrusion uye kudhirowa kwakadzika kunofa, yakaoma inofa uye geji.
- Chiremba uye mazino: ma implants uye midziyo yekuvhiya ine maminetsi madiki uye Burr-isina kupera.
- Electronics / semiconductors: zvibatanidza, dzimba uye zvikamu zvakanyatsonaka nazvo yakanaka contours.
- Simba uye dzimwe nzvimbo: machining ezvikamu zvesimba renyukireya / mhepo, R&D uye maapplication zvechiuto nezvivakwa.
Mariro: mari, kushanda uye kubereka
Usati wamhanya kunotenga EDM muchina, funga chiyero pakati pekudyara, mari yekugadzira, uye mutoro webasa, nekuti sarudzo ine simba rakananga pakubudirira.
Investment mumichina
Iko mari yekutanga yakakwira, kunyanya kune yazvino mhando. Nekumhanya kupfupi, mutengo wakatemwa pachidimbu unogona kukwira mudenga, saka zvinokurudzirwa ku... ongorora mutoro webasa uye kudzoka zvinotarisirwa.
Kushanda uye mari yezvinhu
Electrodes, waya, dielectric fluid, filtration, uye magetsi zvinobatanidzwa. Nekudaro, marara emidziyo anowanzo kushoma pane mumachining maitiro, saka mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvinogona kudzikira. zvimwe zvemukati mumaapplication akawanda.
Maintenance uye vashandi
Kufanana nechero muchina chaiwo, inoda kudzivirira kuchengetedza (kusefa, madhairekitori, calibrations). Uyezve, kushanda kwayo kunoda vashandi vane ruzivoIzvi zvinowedzera mari yevashandi asi zvinokanganisa kunaka uye kuenderana nenguva.
Kubudirira uye nguva yekutungamira
Kune zvikamu zvakaoma zvinoda kugadzika kwakawanda mukugadzira machining, EDM inogona kupedzisa nzira yacho mukugadzirisa kumwe chete, kuderedza zvikanganiso uye nguva dzekutungamira. Zvisinei, nzira yacho pachayo yakawanda inononoka kupfuura CNC mukukoromoka kwemavhoriyamu makuru, saka kuronga kwakakosha.
Zvishandiso uye kusarudzwa kwemupi
Mukugadzira sinker electrode, mutengo wekugadzira maelectrode unogona kuve wakakosha kana saizi yebatch iri diki. Kana iwe uri kunze, tsvaga vatengesi vane paki hombe yeplumb bobs, tambo uye zvibooresaKukurukurirana kwakanaka, nguva dzakavimbika uye kugona kwechikamu chako saizi uye kuoma.
EDM inopesana nemaitiro echinyakare
Aya maitiro maviri haawanzokwikwidzana; kazhinji dzinobatsirana. Mune molds, semuenzaniso, zvakajairika kugadzirira neCNC milling uye kunatsa mipendero ne... waya yemagetsi ekuburitsa machining.
- EDM: isingabatanidzi, kushomeka kushoma, yakanyanya kurongeka uye kupedzisa kwepamusoroInoshanda nezvinhu zvakaoma zvikuru; inononoka uye ine mutengo wakakwira paawa.
- Chinyakare: kukurumidza kutanga kukuru, zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana muzvinhu (inosanganisira vasiri vatyairi), mutengo wakaderera paawa; inogona kuunza kushushikana uye maburrs, uye inonetseka kusvika kune imwe makona emukati.
Kubatanidzwa neCNC uye yakajairwa software
CNC ndiyo interface inobatanidza dhizaini uye muchina: inoshandura trajectories kuita axis mafambiro uye inogadzirisa kurodhaMutambo EDM, kushandiswa kweU / V axes kwakajairika pakucheka taper, uye mu-multi-axis EDM, kutenderera kunowedzerwa kune mamwe majeometri akajeka.
- CAD/CAM: Inogadzira EDM-chaiyo geometri uye maturusi nzira (kusanganisira waya muripo uye nzira dzakapfuura).
- Simulation: fungidzira uye gadzirisa usati wacheka kuti uone kudhumhana uye kusashanda zvakanaka.
- Maitiro ekutarisa: anogadzirisa zvazvino, voltage, uye pulse paramita munguva chaiyo.
- Kugadzira nzira: inodzora zvinopinda / zvinobuda, mashoma radii, uye mhando ye pedza.
Nhanho-ne-nhanho workflow
Kunyangwe mhuri yega yega (kuruka, plumb bob, drilling) ine nuances, kuyerera kwekutanga kwakafanana uye kunobatsira kunzwisisa zvinoitika mukati metabhu yebasa mukutenderera kwega kwega. kuburutsa uye kubuda.
- Kugadzirira: workpiece, electrode / waya, dielectric fluid, yekudzivirira uye CNC chirongwa chakagadzirira.
- Kugadzirisa uye kurongeka: chidimbu chinobatwa, chinotaridzirwa uye chakachengetedzwa gwapa rekutanga Rudyi.
- Dielectric manejimendi: iyo fluid inozadzwa / inopihwa (kunyudzwa kana jet), ine inoshanda kusefa.
- Kutangwa kwechirongwa: Iyo CNC inoronga maaxes uye kurodha; iyo servo inogadzirisa kupatsanurwa munguva chaiyo.
- Kubvisa zvinhu: spark yega yega inonyungudika / inopfungaira zvidimbu izvo dielectric dhonza kunze; inodzokororwa kusvikira roughing uye kupedza kupasa kwapera.
Macases apo EDM inokunda nekudonha
Kune mabasa ayo emagetsi ekuburitsa machining (EDM) ingori yakanakisa sarudzo: yakadzika uye yakagadzikana kucheka, zvakasimba mukati makonayakaoma geometries, yakasanganiswa nepre-kurapwa kudzivirira deformation, uye kugadzirwa kwe molds akasimba ayo vanoshingirira kutenderera kwakawanda nezvinotsiviwa zvishoma.
Electrical discharge machining (EDM) iri kuisa magetsi kuti ashande mukufarira kwako: kana machining akajairwa akapfupika nekuda kwekuoma, geometry, kana njodzi yedeformation, maitiro aya haangokubvumiri iwe kugadzira chikamu, asi kuti uite saizvozvo. Kunyatsojeka uye kupedzisakubatanidza neCAD/CAM, otomatiki uye maitiro ekugadzirisa kuvandudza nguva dzekutungamira, mhando uye kudzokorora.
