Kutariswa kwehutano hwezvirimwa uye kutonga kwakanaka kwechirimwa kwakashandurwa nechlorophyll sensors uye spectral indices seNDVI. Zvishandiso zvakaita seAS7265x uye TCS34725 sensors hazvisisiri zvega mumarabhoritari, asi zvave zvishandiso zvakakosha mukurima kwedhijitari nekutsvaga kwezvakatipoteredza. Kunzwisisa mashandiro avanoita, zvavanoshandisirwa, uye kuti vanokwana sei mukuongororwa kwezvinomera inzira yakanaka kune varimi, matekinoroji, uye chero munhu anofarira mukuwedzera goho rekurima uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.
Muchinyorwa ichi chese, iwe uchadzidza zvakadzama zvese zvakakosha uye zvepamberi zveAS7265x uye TCS34725 NDVI sensors, kubatanidzwa kwavo neakakosha ma indices ezvinomera, uye mashandisirwo avanoitwa kutarisa hutano hwechirimwa, optimize mashandisirwo ezviwanikwa, uye kuwana ruzivo rwakakosha pakuita sarudzo mukurima chaiko. Kubva kune tekinoroji yemukati yeaya masensa kusvika kune anoshanda mumunda mashandisiro, kusanganisira kududzirwa kweakakosha spectral indices uye kuongorora mikana inopihwa neazvino mapuratifomu ekutarisa, pano iwe unowana ruzivo rwese rwazvino uye rwakakodzera rwakanyorwa nenzira inodzidzisa uye yakazara.
Chii chinonzi NDVI uye chinoshandiswa chii mukurima?
Iyo NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) ndechimwe chechiratidzo uye chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya paramita mune zvekurima uye zvakatipoteredza kure kunzwa. Inobva pakutorwa uye kuongororwa kwechiedza chinoratidzwa nezvinomera mumawavelengths akasiyana, kunyanya mune iri pedyo infrared (NIR) uye inooneka tsvuku (RED).
Masvomhu, iyo NDVI inoverengerwa se:
NDVI = (NIR – RED) / (NIR + RED)
Iyi indekisi inonyatso kusiyanisa pakati penzvimbo dzine hutano, dzakasimbiswa, kana dzisina zvinomera, sezvo zvinomera zvine simba zvinoratidzira zvakanyanya mupedyo-infrared uye zvishoma mutsvuku inooneka. Mhedzisiro yacho kukosha kunosiyana pakati pe -1 ne +1. Huwandu huri padyo ne1 hunoratidza huswa hwakakora, hune hutano, nepo hwakaderera kana husina kunaka hunoenderana nenzvimbo dzisina ivhu, mvura, chando, kana isina zvinomera.
Sei zvakakosha mukurima? Sezvo NDVI inoyera photosynthetically inoshanda biomass, Inobatsira zvakanyanya pakutarisa kusimukira uye hutano hwezvirimwa mumwaka wese wekurima.Inobvumira kuonekwa kwekutanga kwenzvimbo dzine dambudziko remvura, chirwere, kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, kana kukanganisa kwezvipembenene, zvichiita kuti kupindira kunobudirira uye panguva yakakodzera.
Spectral indices: kure kupfuura NDVI
NDVI ingori kutanga kwerunyorwa rurefu rwema indices anoshandiswa mukurima kure kunzwa. Nekubatanidza mabhendi akasiyana e electromagnetic spectrum, aya indices anopa ruzivo rwakanyanya nezve agronomic, physiological, uye biochemical paramita yezvinomera. Pakati pezvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndezvi:
- GNDVI (Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index): Inotsiva bhendi dzvuku nebhendi rinooneka rakasvibirira kuti iwedzere kunzwisiswa kune shanduko mune zve chlorophyll, inobatsira kuyera nitrogen mazinga mumashizha uye kuchembera kwezvirimwa.
- NDRE (Normalized Difference Red Edge Index): Inoshandisa bhendi dzvuku remuganho, iro rinonyanya kunzwa kune chlorophyll yemukati uye physiological mamiriro ezvirimwa zvakakura.
- MSAVI (Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index): Inoderedza kushanda kwevhu risina chinhu, ichipa kuverenga kwakarurama mumatanho ekutanga kana nekuvhara kwezvinomera zvishoma.
- ReCl (Red Edge Chlorophyll Index): Yakagadzirirwa chaizvo kuratidza chlorophyll zvemukati uye kuona kushomeka kwenitrogen kana matambudziko emashizha "yellow".
- SAVI/OSAVI (Soil Adjusted Vegetation Indices): Vanosuma zvinhu zvinogadzirisa zvinotsiva ruzha rwakagadzirwa nekusiyana kwevhu, kuvandudza kuvimbika mumatunhu ane kuderera kwezvirimwa.
- VARI, LAI, NBR, SIPI, GCI, NDSI, NDWI… Rondedzero yacho yakakura, uye imwe neimwe inogadzirisa zvinhu zvakaita sehunyoro, kusimba kwemashizha, kuona moto, kushushikana kwemuviri, kuvapo kwechando kana mvura, nezvimwe.
Kududzira kwakarurama uye kusarudzwa kwemaindisi akakodzera kunobvumira kutarisisa kwakanaka kwezvinhu zvakakosha zvekurima chaiko., kufambisa zvese kubva kune yakakwana yekuisa dosi kusvika kune goho kufanotaura.
Chlorophyll sensors uye basa ravo mukuyera NDVI uye ine hukama indices
Chlorophyll sensors zvigadziriso zvemaziso zvakagadzirirwa kutora uye kuongorora radiation inoratidzwa kana kuburitswa nezvirimwa mumabhendi akasiyana einooneka uye iri pedyo-infrared spectrum. Basa rayo guru nderokuyera zviri mukati me chlorophyll, pigment inokosha mu photosynthesis, uye kupa huwandu hwehuwandu hwekuverenga indices dzakadai seNDVI, GNDVI, ReCl, pakati pevamwe.
Aya masensa anogona kuiswa pamapuratifomu epasi, drones, tirakita, zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze kana kunyange satellite, zvichibvumira kutarisa-nguva chaiyo uye. kutariswa kwezvirimwa zvemuno zvichibva pane chinangwa che data.
AS7265x Sensor: Yepamberi Spectroscopy Yezvekurima Zvishandiso
Iyo AS7265x sensor ndeye inotevera-chizvarwa akawanda-channel spectrometer iri kushandura nzira yekuyerwa kwemhando yezvinomera. Nekuda kwekugona kwayo kuongorora anosvika gumi nemasere mabhendi akasiyana eiyo spectrum (kubva pakuonekwa kusvika padhuze-infrared), inopa mukana wakakura pamusoro pechinyakare sensors.
Zvinhu zvayo zvakakosha zvinosanganisira:
- High spectral resolution: Iyo inobvumira kujekesa kwakanyanya kweiyo inotaridzika siginicha yezvirimwa.
- Kuyera kwakananga kwechlorophyll uye mamwe pigment: Yakanakira kuona hutano hwekudya, photosynthetic chiitiko uye physiological stress mazinga.
- Portability uye nyore kubatanidza: Hukuru hwayo hudiki uye kutaurirana kweI2C kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuisa pamidziyo inotakurika, drones, uye michina yekurima.
- Zvikumbiro zvakawedzerwa: Kubva pakuverenga ma indices akajairwa akadai seNDVI kana GNDVI kusvika pakuona zvirwere uye kukanganiswa uchishandisa advanced spectral analysis.
Iri rudzi rwe sensor rinoshandiswa zvese mukutsvagisa uye muhunyanzvi mabasa ekurima., ichipa data chaiyo-nguva inobatsira kuita sarudzo pamusoro pekudiridza, kuisa fetereza, kukohwa, uye kudzora tumbuyu.
TCS34725 Sensor: Kwakaringana Ruvara Kuona uye Miti Yekushandisa
Iyo TCS34725 is an optical sensor yakasarudzika mukuona RGB (tsvuku, girinhi, uye bhuruu) mavara uye ambient mwenje, ine yakabatanidzwa IR inovharira sefa inovandudza kuyerwa kwechiyero. Nepo kushandiswa kwayo kwakanyanya kuri mumashandisirwo akadai sekugadzirisa mwenje we LED uye kuongororwa kwemavara muindasitiri nemagetsi evatengi, kunzwisiswa kwayo uye kurongeka kunoitawo kuti ive yakakodzera kune mamwe mashandisirwo mukurima nekutsvaga kwezvakatipoteredza.
Huru tekinoroji maitiro eTCS34725:
- Yakabatanidzwa IR inovharira sefa: Inobvisa kupindira kwechiedza che infrared, kuwedzera kutendeseka kwemavara uye kurongeka mukuverenga iyo inooneka spectrum.
- I2C Kukurukurirana: Inobvumira kusanganisa kuri nyore nemamicrocontrollers uye madhijitari masisitimu.
- Wide dynamic range: Inokwanisa kuona shanduko shoma mukusimba kwechiedza, ichichipa hukuru hwakasiyana-siyana mumamiriro akasiyana ezvakatipoteredza.
- 16-bit resolution: Inofambisa kuyerwa kwakadzama kwekusimba kwemavara uye kuumbwa.
- Kushandiswa kwakanaka uye compact size: Yakanakira kumira-yega kana bhatiri-powered zvishandiso.
- Yakavakwa-muchena LED mwenje: Inochengetedza kufanana mukuvhenekesa kunyangwe nekusiyana kwechiedza chemukati.
Kana ikashandiswa nemazvo uye kuverenga kwayo kwakagadziriswa, iyo TCS34725 inogona kubatsira kuona shanduko mukuratidzira kweshizha, kuderedza hutano hwechirimwa, uye kutsigira kuverengerwa kwemaindisi akareruka. (kunyanya kana kutora ruzivo mune inooneka spectrum kana kugadzira inodhura-inoshanda uye inoshanduka mhinduro inodiwa).
Basic kushanda kweoptical vegetation sensors uye kubatanidzwa kwavo mumapuratifomu edhijitari
Optical vegetation sensors, ingave yakavakirwa pamultiband spectroscopy seAS7265x kana kuona ruvara seTCS34725, inoshanda kuburikidza nephotodiode arrays inoshandura chiitiko chemwaranzi kuita masaini emagetsi. Aya masaini anogadziriswa neADC anoshandura uye anogadziriswa nemamicrocontrollers, achibvumira kuwanikwa kwezvinotaridza kukosha izvo zvinodyisa kuverenga kweakasiyana ezvinomera indices.
Kukurukurirana kuburikidza neyakajairwa interfaces senge I2C inoita kuti zvive nyore kusanganisa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo (kubva pazviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze kusvika kune drones uye smartphones), zvichiita kuunganidza kukuru uye otomatiki kwe data pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinomera.
Zvakanakira uye kushandiswa kunoshanda kwezvinomera indices mukurima kwedhijitari
Kuitwa kweNDVI sensors uye mamwe ma indices ezvinomera mumadhijitari mhinduro akamiririra kusvetuka kwepamusoro kwechikamu chekurima. Pakati pezvinobatsira zvikuru ndezvi:
- Kuderedzwa kwemari yekushandisa: Vanobvumira nzvimbo dzakakura kuti dzitariswe nemutengo wakaderera uye nehuwandu hwepamusoro kupfuura kuongorora kwepanyama kwechinyakare.
- Kuonekwa kwekutanga uye kurapwa kwematambudziko: Spectral indices inotibvumira kuona nzvimbo dzekushushikana, chirwere, kana kushomeka zvisati zvaonekwa nemeso.
- Input optimization: Ivo vanofambisa kushandiswa kwenzvimbo kwefetereza, mvura, kana phytosanitary zvigadzirwa, kuvandudza pundutso uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
- Crop cycle monitoring: Ongorora kukura, tarisa zvinokanganisa pazvinhanho zvakakosha, uye ronga kukohwa panguva yakakodzera.
- Kuvandudzwa kwekuita sarudzo: Yakarurama, chaiyo-nguva data inotsigira zvakanyanya ruzivo sarudzo dzakagadzirirwa kusiyanisa kwendima yega yega.
- Kubatanidzwa nemapuratifomu ekurima edhijitari: Tsigiro yeAPI uye masisitimu ekutonga data inogonesa kuongororwa kwakasanganiswa kwema indices ezvinomera, data yemamiriro ekunze, sensors yevhu, uye mamwe masosi, kugadzira mhando dzekufungidzira dzepamusoro.
Dudziro yemaindices ezvinomera akasiyana uye nguva yekushandisa imwe neimwe
Haasi ese ma indices ezvinomera anopindura zvakaenzana kumamiriro echirimwa akasiyana. Izvo zvakakosha kuti usarudze indekisi yakakodzera zvichibva pane phenological nhanho, mhando yechirimwa, uye yekuongorora chinangwa:
- NDVI: Inokodzera kuongororwa kwese panguva yekukura kwekushanda. Hazvikurudzirwe mukutanga kana mushure mekukohwa, kana paine chifukidziro chezvirimwa zvishoma.
- ReCl uye GNDVI: Inobatsira kwazvo panguva yekukurumidza kusimudzira chikamu, apo chlorophyll uye nitrogen zvemukati zvakakosha pakuita.
- CHERECHEDZA: Inokodzera mbesa dziri padanho repamusoro kana nepamusoro pemashizha emashizha, pamwe chete nekukura kwekukura.
- MSAVI uye SAVI: Inonyanya kushandiswa mumatanho ekutanga kana muvhu rine chifukidziro chezvinomera zvakaderera, sezvavanoderedza ruzha kubva kumashure.
- NDWI: Zvine chinangwa chekuona hunyoro, mafashamo, kana nzvimbo dzekudiridza, inobatsira munzvimbo dzine zvirimwa pasi pemadiridziro.
- NBR uye SIPI: NBR inobvumira kuzivikanwa kwenzvimbo dzine moto; SIPI inobatsira kuona kushushikana kwemuviri uye zvirwere zvefoliar.
Inoratidzwa mashandisirwo eTCS34725 uye AS7265x sensors mune zvekurima uye zvakatipoteredza masisitimu.
Iyo TCS34725 inokunda mukushandisa uko ruvara uye ambient ruzivo rwechiedza zvine basa. Somuenzaniso, inogona kushandiswa:
- Visual quality control mune agri-chikafu maitiro.
- Kusimbiswa kwemavara emashizha, michero kana maruva mumiti yemiti.
- Kutarisisa kusiri kwakananga kwezvakatipoteredza paramita kuburikidza nechiedza chakaratidzwa.
Kune chikamu chayo, the AS7265x sensor uye midziyo yakafanana inoshandiswa mu:
- Zvidzidzo zvekushushikana kwemvura, kushomeka kwekudya uye photosynthetic chiitiko nekuyera kwakananga kwekuratidzira mumabhandi akawanda.
- Kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekufungidzira egoho rezvirimwa uye kunaka.
- Varietal characterization uye kuonekwa kwezvirwere zvinotanga nekuda kwekugona kusarura pakati pemavara chaiwo uye biochemical makomisheni aripo muchirimwa.
- Kubatanidzwa mune anozvimiririra masisitimu (drones, marobhoti, nzvimbo dzemunda) nokuda kwekutarisa kwakawanda uye kuongorora-nguva chaiyo.
Mabhenefiti ehunyanzvi eTCS34725 uye kuenzanisa kwayo nemamwe masensa
Pakuongorora Zvakanakira zveTCS34725 pamusoro peimwe ruvara uye ambient light sensors, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinooneka:
- Yakabatanidzwa IR sefa: Inovandudza kuverenga chaiko munzvimbo dzine kukanganiswa kwechiedza chepamusoro.
- High resolution uye kuwana kutonga: Inokutendera kuti ugadzirise kunzwisiswa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvega rega application.
- kushandiswa kwesimba shoma: Yakanakira inotakurika kana yakamira-yega masisitimu.
- Kuenderana neyakajairwa matekinoroji: Yayo I2C interface uye zvinyorwa zviripo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kubatanidza mumagetsi masisitimu uye mapuratifomu ekusimudzira akadai seRaspberry Pi, Arduino uye zvakafanana.
Kana zvichidikanwa kuyera mwaranzi kunze kweinooneka spectrum (semuenzaniso, pedyo infrared kana chaiwo mabhendi eNDVI), akawanda-bhendi optical sensors senge drones kudzivirira kutsva kwemasango, iyo inokubvumira kuti ushande zvakananga nematanho anodiwa kune advanced spectral indices.
Maitiro ekududzira sensor data uye kuishandisa kune zvekurima manejimendi
Kududzira kwakaringana kweiyo data yakaunganidzwa kwakakosha kubatanidza zvinogoneka zveaya masensa:
- Yakaderera NDVI kukosha (< 0,2): Ivhu risina chinhu, mvura kana zvinomera zvishoma.
- Hunhu hwepakati (0,2 - 0,5): Miti mukukura, pamwe nekunetseka kuri pakati nepakati.
- High values (> 0,5): Dense uye ine hutano zvinomera, yakanyanya photosynthetic chiitiko.
Mukuita, Mapuratifomu emazuva ano edhijitari anobvumira kuona NDVI indekisi mepu uye mamwe ma paramita nenzira ye georeferenced., kufambisa kucherechedzwa kwenzvimbo dzine dambudziko rekusarudza kupindira uye kuongorora kwenhoroondo yezvirimwa.
Kubatanidzwa uye zvakanakira dhijitari mapuratifomu ane vegetation index kuongororwa
Kusimuka kwemapuratifomu akadai seEOSDA Crop Monitoring uye mapuratifomu akafanana ane democratized kuwana kune zvekurima kure kunzwa:
- Ivo vanopa yepakati mukana kune akawanda indices (NDVI, GNDVI, NDRE, MSAVI, nezvimwewo) uye data yemamiriro ekunze, hunyoro hwevhu uye zvimwe zvakakosha zvekushandisa.
- Ivo vanobvumira kubatanidzwa kwe data yakaunganidzwa nema sensors ari kure, zviteshi zvemunda uye satellite.
- Ivo vanopa maAPIs evagadziri uye customizable mhinduro iyo inogona kuchinjirwa kune zvinodiwa chaizvo zvepurazi rega rega kana chirongwa.
- Ivo vanovandudza ruzivo rwemushandisi uye nekukurumidza kwekuita sarudzo nekuratidza ruzivo mune intuitive uye georeferenced maitiro.
