Nyika yema sensors egasi yakawedzera zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura, kunyanya nekuda kwekunetseka kuri kukura pamusoro pemhando yemhepo uye hutano munzvimbo dzemukati. Imwe yemasensor yakaunza kunyanya kufarira mugadziri, dzidzo, uye nharaunda dzehunyanzvi ndeye MH-Z19B. Mukurumbira wayo unokonzerwa nekukwanisa kwayo kuyera nemazvo carbon dioxide (CO2), kubatanidzwa kwayo nyore nemapuratifomu akadai seArduino uye ESP8266/ESP32, uye mutengo unodhura uchienzaniswa nehunyanzvi dzimwe nzira. Kana uri kushamisika Chii chinonzi MH-Z19B, inoshanda sei, chii chinoita kuti ive yakakosha, uye ungaishandisa sei mumapurojekiti ako?, Wasvika panzvimbo chaipo.
Muchikamu chino iwe uchapinda mune zvese zvese zve MH-Z19B sensor, kubva pamisimboti yayo yekushandisa uye hunyanzvi hwekutemerwa kune akanakisa maitiro ekushandisa, kuenzanisa, uye chaiyo-yepasirese application. Zvose zvinoratidzwa nenzira yakazara, inosvikirika, uye inobatsira kune avo vanoda kudarika mapepa e data uye kuedza ne CO2 kuyerwa mumamiriro akasiyana.
Chii chinonzi MH-Z19B sensor?
El MH-Z19B Iyo inonzwa gasi inyanzvi mune CO2 kuyerwa zvakatipoteredza. Iyo compact dhizaini, yakaderera mutengo, uye nyore kushandisa zvaita kuti ive sarudzo yakakurumbira kune vanofarira tekinoroji, nyanzvi, uye vadzidzisi zvakafanana. Yakagadzirwa nekambani yeChinese Winsen, iyi sensor inoshandisa musimboti we isiri-dispersive infrared (NDIR) kuyera huwandu hwekabhoni dhaidhiyo mumhepo, kudzivirira kukanganiswa nemamwe magasi uye kuve nechokwadi chakakura kwazvo kupfuura electrochemical kana metal oxide sensors.
Kutanga NDIR Izvo zvakavakirwa pachokwadi chekuti CO2 inotora infrared mwenje pane imwe wavelength. Mukati me sensor mune kakamuri kadiki uko mwenje wechiedza uyu unopfuudzwa kuburikidza nemhepo sampuli. Iyo detector inoyera attenuation inogadzirwa nekuvapo kwe CO2, zvichiita kuti mari iripo mumhepo iverengerwe. zvikamu pamiriyoni (ppm)Kutenda kune tekinoroji iyi, iyo MH-Z19B inopa yakaderera muchinjiko-kunzwa (kureva, haina kukanganiswa nemamwe magasi akadai seokisijeni), hupenyu hurefu hwebasa, uye kuvimbika kwakanaka.
Mamiriro ehunyanzvi uye akasiyana eMH-Z19B
Iyo MH-Z19B inomira pachena, pamusoro pezvose, nekuda kwekusiyana kwayo uye nyore kwekubatanidzaHaina kungogadzirirwa vashandisi vepamberi: inowanzoshandiswa mumapurojekiti edzidzo, kuisirwa otomatiki kumba, zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze epamba, kana kunyange masisitimu ekutarisa zvakatipoteredza muzvikoro nemahofisi. Ngatitarisei zvakanyanya kune yayo mikuru mataurirwo:
Avhareji yazvino <60 mA
| Feature | Valor |
|---|---|
| Sensor mhando | NDIR (Non-dispersive infrared) |
| Gasi raonekwa | Carbon dioxide (CO2) |
| Kuyera mitsara | 0–2000 ppm, 0–5000 ppm, 0–10000 ppm (zvichienderana neshanduro) |
| Kururama | ± 50 ppm + 3% yekuverenga |
| Kushanda voltage | 4.5–5.5 V DC |
| maximum current | 150 mA |
| Signal output | UART (Serial), PWM, Analogi |
| Interface level | 3.3 V (5 V inoenderana) |
| Tiempo de precalentamiento | 3 maminitsi |
| Nguva yekupindura | <120s (T90) |
| Kushanda tembiricha | 0-50 ° C |
| RH | 0–90% RH (isina-condensing) |
| Vipimo | X X 33 20 9 mamirimita |
| Weight | 5 gramu |
| Hupenyu | Anopfuura makore matatu |
Iyo MH-Z19B inogovera mhuri nemamwe mamodheru akadai seMH-Z19C uye MH-Z19D. Imwe neimwe yadzo ine misiyano mishoma, kunyanya maererano nekururama uye simba voltage kushivirira. Muchokwadi, iyo MH-Z19C inoda yakanyanya kutetepa simba rekupa renji (4.9 kusvika 5.1 V), iyo inogona kuomesera mashandisiro ayo pasina yakanyatso kugadzikana magetsi. Kune rumwe rutivi, MH-Z19D ichangopfuura uye ichiri kumirira kuongororwa kwakadzama nenharaunda.
Kuwedzera sensor maficha
- Low cross-sensitivity: Haina kukanganiswa nekuvapo kweokisijeni kana mamwe magasi akajairika, ayo anowedzera kuvimbika kwezviyero.
- Goridhe-yakaputirwa gasi kamuri: Izvi zvinozvipa corrosion resistance uye zvinowedzera hupenyu hwayo hunobatsira.
- Muripo wekushisa kwemukati: Kunyangwe iyo sensor inosanganisira yemukati thermistor kugadzirisa zviyero zvayo, tembiricha yakataurwa haina kuitirwa kushandiswa kwekunze.
- Zvakawanda zvinobuda: Unogona kusarudza pakati peUART, PWM uye analog kubuda kuti ubvise ruzivo zvichienderana nezvaunoda.
- Integrated water filter: inodzivirira kukanganisa kana kusvibiswa kubva munyoro.
- ABC Autocalibration: Inogadzirisa otomatiki iyo yekutanga CO2 nhanho kana iyo sensor inoratidzwa kumhepo yakachena kweinenge 20 maminetsi pamusoro peawa makumi maviri nemana, kuve nechokwadi kuverenga kwakaringana nekufamba kwenguva.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzeMH-Z19 uye hunhu hwavo
Iyo MH-Z19 mutsetse ine akati wandei iterations inogona kuwanikwa pamusika. Muenzaniso MH-Z19B Ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa uye inowanzo zivikanwa seyakanyanya-yepakati sarudzo pakati pemutengo, kunyatsoita, uye nyore kusanganisa. Nekudaro, pane zvimwe zvakasiyana zvine misiyano yakakosha yekufunga nezvayo:
- MH-Z19 (yekutanga): 2000 uye 5000 ppm shanduro, kururama kwe ± 50 ppm + 5% yekuverenga. Zvimwe zvemazuva asi zvichiri kushanda.
- MH-Z19B: 2000, 5000, uye 10000 ppm shanduro, nekuvandudzwa kwekururama kwe ± 50 ppm + 3%. Iyi ndiyo vhezheni yakavandudzwa uye yakanyatsokodzera kushandiswa kwese.
- MH-Z19C: Same range ye2000, 5000, kana 10000 ppm, kunyatsoita ± 50 ppm + 5%, uye inoda chaiyo chaiyo magetsi (4.9-5.1V). Ichi chinogumira chinoita kuti chisakodzera kune vazhinji vashandisi.
- MH-Z19D: budiriro ichangoburwa, ine maitiro akafanana neC, kunyangwe ichiri kudzidzwa nevanofarira uye isina zvinyorwa zvakawanda muChirungu.
Nyaya yakakosha ndeye kuwanda kwe fake sensors pamusika, kunyanya pamapuratifomu ekunze. Zvinowanzozivikanwa kuti sensors MH-Z19B ine PCB nhema, panzvimbo yechinyakare girini kana bhuruu, anogona kuva zvisiri pamutemo shanduro kana ma clones, asina chokwadi chekuita. Kuti udzivise nyaya dzekuvimbika, zvakanakisa kutenga sensor kubva kune vane mbiri vanogovera.
Mashandiro anoita MH-Z19B: NDIR musimboti
Mwoyo we sensor ndiyo tekinoroji yeNDIR, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya muhunyanzvi sensors. Kushanda kweMH-Z19B kunogona kupfupikiswa mumatanho akati wandei akakosha:
- Muenzaniso wemhepo unounzwa mukamuri yemukati me sensor, iyo ine infrared light source uye detector.
- Chiedza che infrared chichapfuura nekamera, asi chikamu chechiedza ichocho chichabatwa neCO2 mamorekuru zvichienderana nekusangana kwawo.
- Iyo detector inoyera kuti chiedza chakawanda sei chinosvika pairi mushure mokupfuura nemhepo yemuenzaniso, uye inoverenga huwandu hwe CO2 iripo.
- Iyo sensor inopa kukosha kweCO2 muzvikamu pamiriyoni (ppm).
Nekuda kweiyi nzira isina kunanga, kuyerwa kwacho hakune hanya nekuvapo kwehunyoro, tembiricha, kana magasi asiri CO2, chero bedzi miganho yekushanda inoratidzwa mudhetabheti ichiremekedzwa.
Zvinyorwa zve data zviripo paMH-Z19B
Imwe yemabhenefiti mazhinji eMH-Z19B ndeye yayo kuchinjika kana uchiwana dataIwe unogona kusarudza pakati pematatu ekubuda misimboti, zvichienderana nekuda kwako kurerutsira, kunyatsoita, kana kusanganisa muhurongwa hwako:
- UART (TTL seri pa 3.3V/5V): Iyi ndiyo yakapusa sarudzo sezvo sensor inotumira kukosha zvakananga muppm. Inongoda baud rate ye9600, uye unogona kuibatanidza zviri nyore kune microcontroller. Kuti uwedzere ruzivo rwako, unogona zvakare kubvunza Nhungamiro yedu kune zvakatipoteredza quality sensors uye dzidza nzira yekubatanidza masensa akasiyana mumapurojekiti ako.
- PWM: Iyo sensor inogadzira pulse-modulated chiratidzo, iyo yebasa kutenderera iyo inoratidza iyo CO2 concentration. Izvo zvakanaka kana iwe uchida yakatwasuka yakananga kubuda uye uchida kutora mukana wekuverenga pulse pane yako microcontroller.
- Analog Output: Zvishoma zvakajairika, asi zvinokutendera kuti uverenge chiratidzo chakaenzana neiyo CO2 concentration. Inogona kuda imwe calibration uye haisiriyo sarudzo inosarudzika kune vazhinji vashandisi.
Imwe neimwe yenzira idzi ine zvayakanakira. Arduino kana ESP, iyo UART yakabuda ndiyo inonyanya kushanda uye yakarurama, sezvo isingadi mamwe maverengero uye kududzirwa kwe data kwakananga.
Calibrating iyo MH-Z19B: Kuve nechokwadi chekururama
Kurongeka kwechinhu chero chipi zvacho chinogona kusiyana nekufamba kwenguva nekuda kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu uye kukwegura kwechikamu chacho pachako. MH-Z19B inosanganisira nzira mbiri dzekuenzanisa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kuverenga kunoramba kwakavimbika:
Manual Calibration (Zero Point Calibration)
Kana iwe uchida kuve nechokwadi chekuti sensor yako yakagadziridzwa zvakanaka, unogona kuita bhuku rekugadzirisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kufumura sensor kumhepo inofefeterwa zvakanaka, kunze, uko iyo CO2 yekumisikidza yakatenderedza. 400ppmMushure meanosvika maminetsi makumi maviri ekushanda kwakagadzikana, murairo wakapfava wehardware (kubatanidza HD uye GND pini kwemasekonzi manomwe) kana software yekuraira mamaka inonongedza sezero referensi ye sensor. Izvo zvakakosha kuti urambe uchifunga kuti iyi calibration yakakosha mushure mekufambisa kana kana ambient mamiriro enzvimbo iyo sensor inoiswa achinja.
Automatic ABC calibration (Automatic Baseline Correction)
Iyo MH-Z19B inobatanidza self-calibration algorithm inoona yakaderera CO24 kukosha kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana oga oga uye inoishandisa kugadzirisa kukosha kwayo. Izvi zviri nyore kwazvo munzvimbo dzekugara umo mweya mutsva unopihwa nguva nenguva. Izvo zvakakosha kuti sensor iwane mweya wakachena kweinenge maminetsi makumi maviri ega ega maawa makumi maviri nemana.Zvikasadaro, kururamisa kungave kusina kururama. Kana iwe ukaisa sensor munzvimbo yakavharwa, isina mhepo isina mhepo (senge greenhouses), zviri nani kudzima iyi modhi uye kuita periodic manual calibrations.
Pakupedzisira, pane nzira yekuenzanisa iyo yakakwirira nzvimbo kana Span Point, asi haiwanzo kurudzirwa kune vashandisi vemba, sezvo inoda mhepo yakagadzikana ine inozivikanwa uye inodzorwa CO2 concentration (semuenzaniso, 2000 ppm) uye chaiyo midziyo yerabhoritari.
Zvishandiso uye mienzaniso yekushandisa yeMH-Z19B
Iko kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kweMH-Z19B ndeyekuti kushandiswa kwayo kunowedzera kure kupfuura yakajairwa mhepo yemhando yemamita kumbaPazasi pane mamwe anonyanya kufarirwa nharaunda uye makesi ekushandisa:
- HVAC uye air conditioning systems: Monitors CO2 concentration kuti ikwidziridze kuvandudzwa kwemhepo mudzimba, mahofisi nemakirasi.
- Imba otomatiki uye dzimba dzakangwara: Batanidza sensor mumapuratifomu akadai seMubatsiri Wepamba kana akafanana kudzora mafeni uye kuchenesa mweya zvichienderana nemazinga akaonekwa.
- Kuongorora kwedzidzo: Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzedzidzo dzakaisa MH-Z19B sensors kuti ive nechokwadi chekufefetedza kwakaringana mumakirasi, kunyanya mukumuka kweCOVID-19 denda.
- Greenhouses uye kurima chaiko: Kudzora CO2 mazinga mune greenhouses inobvumira optimize chirimwa kukura.
- Air purifiers uye maitiro emhando: Vamwe vanochenesa vatengesi vanobatanidza NDIR sensors kuti ishande maererano nezvinodiwa chaizvo zvezvakatipoteredza.
- DIY Projects: Zvakajairika kuwana zvidzidzo zvekuisa CO2 marambi emigwagwa anosvinudza uchishandisa maLED kana acoustic yambiro kana iyo concentration yakapfuura mamwe maburi.
Iyo MH-Z19B sensor inogonawo kuwanikwa yakabatanidzwa mumasisitimu ekutarisa kwezvakatipoteredza, inotakurika mita, zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze epamba, uye yakaderera-bhajeti rabhoritari michina.
Maitiro ekubatanidza iyo MH-Z19B kune microcontrollers
Iyo MH-Z19B yemagetsi yekubatanidza inocherechedzwa nekureruka kwayo. Iyo ine mapini akanyatso kunyorwa pane sensor's silkscreen, uye iyo yekutanga dhizaini inoda chete mana ekubatanidza (simba uye data). Heino muenzaniso wekuti mapini aizopihwa sei Arduino MEGA:
| Arduino MEGA | MH-Z19B |
|---|---|
| 19 (RX1) | TX |
| 18 (TX1) | RX |
| GND | GND |
| 5V | waini |
Logic level converters inogona kudiwa pane imwe bhodhi kana microcontroller modhi, kunyangwe iyo MH-Z19B inotsigira ese ari maviri 3.3V uye 5V mapopu. Sekuita kwakanaka, gara uchitarisa pinout yeyako chaiyo sensor, sezvo misiyano mishoma inogona kuitika zvichienderana nebhechi kana mugadziri.
Kuverenga uye kugadzirisa data kubva kuMH-Z19B
Kuwana data inobatsira kubva kuMH-Z19B iri nyore sekubatanidza iyo UART inobuda kubhodhi rekuvandudza uye kuverenga data rakatumirwa.Kukurukurirana kuri pa9600 baud, ine 8 data bits, 1 kumira zvishoma, uye pasina parity. Unogona kushandisa raibhurari yakatsaurirwa kurerutsa kushanda neArduino, semuenzaniso: MHZ19.h, kana kutumira mirairo nemaoko zvichienderana nedheti re data remugadziri.
Muenzaniso wekutanga wekushandisa muchirongwa cheArduino:
#include MHZ19mhz(&Serial19); // Kushandisa Serial1 yekukurukurirana ne sensor void setup() {Serial.begin(1); Serial115200.begin(1); } void loop() {MHZ9600_RESULT mhinduro = mhz.retrieveData(); kana (mhinduro == MHZ19_RESULT_OK) { Serial.print("CO19: "); Serial.println(mhz.getCO2()); } kunonoka(2); }
Mhedzisiro ichave iyo CO2 kusungwa muppm. Izvo zvakare zvinokwanisika kuwana iyo mukati sensor tembiricha, kunyangwe, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, iyi data inoitirwa muripo wemukati uye haifanirwe kushandiswa sereferensi yeambient tembiricha.
PWM modhi uye bhuku CO2 kuverenga
Kana iwe uchida kushandisa iyo PWM yakabuda, kududzira chiratidzo kunoda calculation diki kushandura iyo pulse nguva kuita inoenderana CO2 concentration. Iyo yakajairika equation yakapihwa iyo 2000 ppm renji ndeiyi:
CO2(ppm) = 2000 · (T_H – 2ms) / (T_H + T_L – 4ms)
apo T_H ndiyo nguva yekutenderera kwepamusoro mumamilliseconds, uye T_L ndiyo nguva yakaderera. Kune iyo 5000 ppm renji, ingotsiva iyo 2000 ne5000.
Mirairo uye kushanda kwepamusoro
Kune avo vanoda kusvina mabasa ese e sensor, iyo MH-Z19B inopindura kune akasiyana. control commands kuburikidza neUART. Zvimwe zvinonyanya kukosha:
- CO2 yekufungisisa kuverenga: murairo 0x86
- Zero point calibration: murairo 0x87
- SPAN Point Calibration: murairo 0x88
- Activate/deactivate autocalibration: murairo 0x79
- Measurement range mubvunzo: murairo 0x99
Sensor mhinduro dzinogara dzichisanganisira CRC kodhi yekusimbisa, iyo inowedzera chengetedzo pazvikanganiso zvekutapurirana.
Mazano ekushandisa, kuchengetedza uye kudzivirira
Kushanda kweMH-Z19B kwakasimba, asi pane zvimwe Mazano akakosha ekuwedzera hupenyu hwayo hunobatsira uye kuve nechokwadi chemhando yezviyero:
- Dzivisa kubata mapini zvakananga kuderedza njodzi dzesimba remagetsi.
- Usashandise kumanikidza kune imba paunenge uchitengesa.: Muviri hausi wekuputira chete, asi chikamu chinoshanda che sensor.
- Dzivisa kupisa kwakanyanya uye kubuda kwezuva kwakananga muzvigadziro zvechigarire.
- Chengetedza nzvimbo yekuisa mweya, kunyanya hwindo rekupararira re sensor.
- Dzivisa kuunganidzwa kweguruva kwenguva yakareba yekushandiswa.
- Tarisa magetsi ekupa: Iyo sosi inofanirwa kudzikamiswa zvakanaka uye inopa ingangoita 150 mA kudzivirira kuverenga kwakakanganisa kana kusashanda.
- Usashandise wave kana dip soldering: Deredza nguva yekutengesa kusvika kumasekonzi matatu papini uye bvumira kutonhora pakati pezvibatanidza.
- Ita periodic calibrations, kunyanya kana sensor ichifambiswa, ichiiswa kune kamwe-kamwe kuchinja kwekushisa, kana kuiswa munzvimbo dzisina mhepo.
Ese aya matanho achawedzera hupenyu hwe sensor uye ive nechokwadi chekuwedzera uye yakavimbika zviyero.
Mamodheru akafanana uye mamwe masensa
Nepo iyo MH-Z19B iri favourite kune yayo mutengo-kuita reshiyo, kune mamwe mamodheru uye dzimwe nzira dzine akafanana kana anowirirana maficha. Imwe ye sensors inogona kutariswa mune ino mamiriro ndeye MH-Z1311A, zvakare kubva kuWinsen, iyo inozvirumbidza yakaderera zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwesimba uye inokodzera mapurojekiti ane bhatiri. Ukuwo, the MG811 uye mhuri MQ (yakadai seMQ-135) yakave yakakurumbira kare, kunyange zvazvo kuverenga kwavo kunogona kunyanya kukanganiswa nekunyorova, tembiricha, kana mamwe magasi, uye inoda kuenzanisa uye kugadzirisa kuti vawane mhinduro dzakavimbika. Mumashandisirwo apo chokwadi cheCO2 chakanyanya kukosha, iyo MH-Z19B inowanzopfuura iyi mienzaniso maererano nekureruka kwekushandisa uye kurongeka.
Manotsi pamasensa emanyepo uye kuyerwa kwemhando
Rimwe rematambudziko aripo nhasi kuwanda kwe MH-Z19B masensa emavambo asina chokwadiChiratidzo chakajeka chinowanzova ruvara rweplate (dema panzvimbo yegirinhi kana bhuruu) uye kusavapo kwezvinyorwa zvepakutanga kana mavara. Aya masensa anogona kuita seanoshanda, asi zviyero zvawo zvinogona kunge zvisingavimbike uye kusimba kwawo kwakadzikira zvakanyanya. Zvinokurudzirwa kutenga sensor kubva kune vane mukurumbira vaparidzi. uye dzivirira kutengeserana kwakanyanya pamapuratifomu asina kusimbiswa.
Ngano uye zvishoma-zvinozivikanwa zvinhu zveMH-Z19B
Hazvisi zvese nezve rudzi urwu rwe sensor igoridhe, uye zvakakodzera kujekesa mamwe mapoinzi anowanzo kuburitsa kusahadzika:
- Iyo yakabatanidzwa tembiricha sensor haina kuvimbika kune ambient kuyerwa.: Basa rayo nderemukati chete, kugadzirisa iyo CO2 kuverenga. Usashandise se thermometer.
- Iko 'U' kukosha kwakataurwa nemimwe mirairo ndeyemukati paramende: Haina kunyorwa uye haipe ruzivo runobatsira kumushandisi.
- Haasi ese akasiyana siyana akasiyana panyama: Zvinogoneka, kuburikidza nemirairo yesoftware, kushandura iyo yakakura yekuona huwandu hweiyo sensor, kunyangwe iyo yakakwana kurongeka kunovimbiswa kusvika ku2000 ppm.
- Hunhu hwemagetsi akakosha: Pamasensa akaita seMH-Z19C, kutsauka kudiki kunze kweiyo 4.9-5.1V renji kunogona kuita kuti kuverenga kuve kusingagoneki, saka iyo yakanaka chaiyo regulator kana sosi yakakosha.
Nzvimbo dzeruzivo uye zvimwe zviwanikwa
Iyo yepasirese yezvinyorwa paMH-Z19B yakakura. Mukuwedzera kune zvinyorwa zvepamutemo iyo yaunogona kubvunza pawebhusaiti yemugadziri weWinsen, kune akawanda mablogiki, maforamu, uye GitHub repositori ane mienzaniso uye maraibhurari eakasiyana mamicrocontrollers. Pakati pemanyuko akazara ndeaya:
- Manufacturer datasheets: yemirairo, hexadecimal mirairo, uye mamwe chaiwo chaiwo ruzivo rwehunyanzvi.
- Technical blogs uye maforamu: espEasy, Prometec, Emariete, pakati pevamwe, vanopa zvidzidzo, kuenzanisa, uye kugadzirisa kusahadzika muchiSpanish.
- GitHub: kutsvaga yakagadziridzwa sosi kodhi uye mutyairi raibhurari yeMH-Z19B.
Pamusoro pezvo, kune mapoka evashandisi anoshanda munharaunda dzevagadziri, pazvinogoneka kugovana zviitiko, matipi, uye matambudziko akajairika.