SCR: Chii chinonzi silicon inodzorwa rectifier uye mienzaniso ine 2N6504

Mumunda wemagetsi emagetsi, iyo silicon controlled rectifiers SCRs (SCRs) yakazvimisikidza semidziyo yakakosha yekudzora nekushandura simba remagetsi, kunyanya kana zvasvika kune maapplication anoda kubata mitoro mikuru, kudzora mota, kana kugadzirisa mwenje uye kupisa kwakanyanya. Kunyangwe kushanda kwavo kungaita sekunge kwakaoma pakutanga, kunzwisisa mashandisiro avanoita uye kuti vanobatanidzwa sei mumaseketi zviri nyore kana ukatanga nekutanga.

Kunetseka kuti chii chinonzi SCR, chinoitwa sei, chinoshandiswa papi, kana kuti zvayakanakira nezvaisingakwanisi ndezvipi? Heino tsananguro yakadzama uye iri nyore-kunzwisisa yeSCRs. thyristors, chikamu chakakosha chakashandura kutonga kwemagetsi emagetsi mumaseketi emazuva ano. Iwe zvakare uchadzidza nezve yakakurumbira nyaya yekudzidza ye SCR 2N6504, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya semuenzaniso wekusimba kwayo uye kuwanikwa.

Chii chinonzi SCR kana silicon inodzorwa rectifier?

Un SCR ihwo hukama thyristor, mudziyo simba semiconductor yakagadzirirwa kushanda semagetsi switch. Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekubvumira kana kuvharira nzira yemagetsi mune imwe nzira chete, ndiko kuti, inozvibata mune imwe nzira. unidirectional uye, kusiyana neyakajairwa diode, Kufambisa kwayo kunodzorwa nechiratidzo chekunze chinokonzeresaKudzora uku kunoita kuti ive iyo yekona yesimba manejimendi mune akasiyana siyana emaindasitiri uye epamba maseketi.

Iyo SCR, kusiyana neyechinyakare PN junction diodes, ine mana anochinjana akaturikidzana ye semiconductor zvinhu (PNPN kana NPNP) uye ine zviteshi zvitatu: anode (A), cathode (K), uye gedhi (G). Ichi chimiro chinochipa kugona kuvharira mavoltiji akakwira kana uchizorora, asiwo kubvumidza mafungu emagetsi akakwira kupfuura nekungoita diki activation pulse pagedhi.

Mukuwedzera, zvakajairika kuti SCR idaidzwewo SCR diode, 4-layer diode kana kungoita thyristor. Nguva zhinji, kana iwe ukanzwa izwi rekuti thyristor, rinenge richireva SCR.

Detailed kushanda kweSCR

El SCR inoita senge switch inodzorwa nemagetsi. Apo iyo anode and the cathode yakananga voltage inoshandiswa uye mu gedhi (G) Idiki diki pulse yazvino inokonzeresa, mudziyo unoenda kubva kune inovharira mamiriro kuenda kune yakazara inoitisa mamiriro, ichibvumira ikozvino kuyerera munzira imwe chete. Iyi nzira inozivikanwa se pfuti kana activation.

Kana yangoitwa, iyo SCR inoramba iri mumamiriro ekuitisa kusvika ikozvino inoyerera pakati pe anode uye cathode inowira pasi pechikumbaridzo chakafanotaurwaakadanwa kubatisisa zvazvinoIzvi zvinonyanya kukosha mumatunhu e alternating current (CA), uko zero kuyambuka kwechiratidzo kunobvumira iyo SCR kudzima zvakasikwa.

Pamatunhu e DC (CC), kana trigger pulse inoshandiswa kugedhi, SCR inovhara uye Ikozvino inoyerera inoramba ichienderera kusvikira kugovera kwakanganiswa kana kuti ikozvino yakaderera pasi pechikumbaridzo chinodiwa kuti irambe iripo. Hunhu uhwu hunoita kuti zvidikanwe kuita dzimwe nzira muDC zvikumbiro zvekudzima SCR nenzira inodzorwa.

Chimiro uye chiratidzo cheSCR

Mukati, iyo SCR inoumbwa nekutevedzana kwema semiconductor layers inoipa iyo hunhu hunhu. Kunze, zvaita zviteshi zvitatu:

• Anode (A): Positive terminal iyo ikozvino inopinda mumudziyo.
• Cathode (K): Negative terminal iyo yazvino inobuda nayo.
• Gedhi (G): Kudzora terminal uko activation pulse inoshandiswa.

Iyo SCR schematic chiratidzo mumadhayagiramu emagetsi inomiririrwa nemuseve (anode kune cathode) uye imwe mutsara unouya kumudziyo uchibva kugedhi, uchiratidzira poindi yekusimudza.

Key parameters uye magetsi maitiro

ari SCR Iwo anotsanangurwa nenhevedzano yeakakosha tekinoroji paramita, iyo inobvumira iyo yakakodzera modhi kusarudzwa kune yega yega application uye kudzivirira kuwandisa kana kukuvara:

• VRDM (Maximum Reverse Spark-Off Voltage): Iyo yakanyanya voltage iyo SCR inogona kumira mune reverse bias pasina kutendeuka.
• VFOM (Yakanyanya kumberi voltage isina kupisa): Iyo yakawanda yakananga voltage iyo inogona kumira pasina kukonzeresa.
• IF (Maximum Direct Current): Iyo yakakura yakawanda yezvino inogona kuyerera kuburikidza neSCR panguva yekushanda.
• PG (Maximum Gate Power): Inoratidza simba guru rekuparara pakati pegedhi uye cathode.
• VGT/IGT (Gedhi Ririkupfura Voltage kana Yazvino): Iyo shoma pulse inodiwa pagedhi kuti uite iyo SCR.
• IH (Bata ikozvino): Iko kudiki ikozvino kukosha kunodiwa kuti SCR irambe ichiitisa mushure mekutangwa.
• dv/dt: Maximum voltage variation inogamuchirwa pasina netsaona activate iyo SCR.
• di/dt: Musiyano mukuru wazvino unobvumidzwa mudziyo usati wakuvadzwa.

Aya maitiro anogara achionekwa mumapepa ehunyanzvi emhando yega yega uye akakosha pakuyera iyo SCR zvichienderana nemutoro uye mamiriro ekushanda.

Unobatidza nekudzima SCR sei?

El pfuti Kushanda kweSCR kunosanganisira kushandisa diki diki yakanaka ikozvino kupuruzira kugedhi zvinoenderana necathode. Kana yangotanga, mudziyo unoramba wakavhurika (uchiitisa) chero nguva iripo pakati peanode uye cathode yakaenzana kana yakakura kupfuura yekubata ikozvino. Kuidzima (kukiya zvakare), mukuchinjisa masisitimu azvino, zvakakwana kumirira kuti wave kuyambuka zero, kubvira. ikozvino inowira pasi pechikumbaridzo ichiMune yakananga ikozvino, zvinodikanwa kukanganisa simba rekupa kana kushandisa ekunze kudzima maseketi.

Mashandisirwo makuru eSCR

Iko kuita kwakasiyana-siyana kweSCR kunoita kuti ive yakakosha muzvikamu zvakawanda:

• Controlled rectifiers: Kushandura kushandura ikozvino kune yakananga ikozvino nenzira inodzorwa, kubvumira huwandu hwesimba hunoendeswa kumutoro kuti ugadziriswe.
• Regulation yemagetsi motors: Gadzirisa simba rinogamuchirwa nemamotors kudzora kumhanya uye torque.
• Dimmable lighting systems: Manage kusimba kwemwenje mumaindasitiri uye mudzimba kuisirwa.
• Welding midziyo: Rongedza simba rinounzwa kune welding arc.
• Electric heat control: Mafuro mahombe uye maair conditioning units anobatsirwa nekushandiswa kweSCR kuenzanisa kupisa kunobuda.
• Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zveindasitiri: Ivo vanokutendera iwe kudzora bhatiri yekuchaja maitiro kana simba hombe midziyo zvinobudirira.

Muindasitiri yemazuva ano, anowanzo shandiswa mukudzivirira masisitimu, sezvinhu zvekudzikisa voltage spikes, uye mune dzakawanda mota uye zvekufambisa zvikumbiro.

SCR marudzi uye akasiyana

Kune dzakawanda SCR akasiyana yakagadziridzwa kune zvakasiyana zvinodiwa:

• Series Junction SCR (SFS-SCR): Iwo anosanganisira akati wandei maseru munhevedzano, achivabvumira kuti vamire zvakanyanya kukwira voltages.
• SCR ine gedhi rakawedzerwa (GTO-SCR): Vane gedhi rinokosha rinovandudza simba rekutonga, kunyange kubvumira kuti SCR irege kushandiswa nenzira yechiratidzo.
• Side Door SCR (LGT-SCR): Vane gadziriro yeparutivi gedhi, optimizing kugovera ikozvino uye kuchinja simba.
• High voltage SCR (HV-SCR): Kunyanya kugadzirirwa maapplication mu kilovolt renji.
• Low voltage SCR (LV-SCR): Inoshandiswa mumaseketi uko kudiwa kwemagetsi kwakadzikira, senge ma controller epamba kana anotakurika emagetsi masisitimu.

Imwe neimwe yakasiyana inopindura kune chaiyo maindasitiri kana tekinoroji zvinodiwa, izvo zvakabvumira iyo SCR kuti iwedzere nekukurumidza mumhando dzese dzekushandisa.

Kudzivirirwa kwakakosha uye kutarisirwa paunenge uchishandisa SCR

Semidziyo yemagetsi, maSCRs ari pasi pekuda mamiriro emagetsi. Kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwavo uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwavo, zvinogara zvichikurudzirwa:

• Isa masingi ekudziya: Zvakakosha kuchengetedza tembiricha iri pasi pekutonga uye kudzivirira kupisa.
• Batanidza thermal protection: Shandisa ma thermostats kana masensa anotarisisa tembiricha yemudziyo, kudzivirira kukuvara kubva mukupisa kwakanyanya.
• Dzivirira kubva pakukwira kwemagetsi: Wedzera varistors, avalanche diodes, kana surge suppressors kudzivirira kuvhiya kune njodzi pane grid.
• Shandisa fuse kana macircuit breaker: Kudzivirira kukanganisa kubva kune njodzi overcurrents.
• Isa inovharira diode mu antiparallel: Kudzivirira reverse polarity kukanganisa kudunhu.

Yakazara SCR dziviriro haingonatsiridza kuchengetedzwa kwehurongwa, asi zvakare inoderedza zvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa uye njodzi yekuputsika.

Zvakanakira uye zvakaipira zveSCR zvichienzaniswa nemamwe anogadziridza

Silicon controlled rectifiers ine akati wandei akakosha mabhenefiti:

• Chaiyo simba rekudzora: Nguva uye huwandu hwesimba hunotamirwa kumutoro hunogona kugadziriswa nekukonzera.
• Ivo vanotsigira yakakwirira mafungu uye voltages: Yakanakira kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri uye masisitimu ekushandisa zvakanyanya.
• High durability uye kuvimbika: Iwo maturusi akasimba, ane hupenyu hurefu hunobatsira kana akashandiswa nemazvo.
• compact dhizaini: Vanotora nzvimbo shoma vachienzaniswa neyakajairwa electromechanical mhinduro.

Zvisinei, vanewo zvimwe zvinogumira:

• Kutyaira kwenzira imwe chete: SCRs inongobvumira ikozvino kuyerera munzira imwe, iyo inodzikamisa kushandiswa kwavo mune mamwe edunhu topologies.
• Voltage inodonha panguva yekutyaira: Izvi zvinosanganisira kurasikirwa kwesimba, kunyanya pamatunhu akakwirira.
• Nguva dzekupindura: Izvo hazvina kukodzera kune yakakwira frequency application (pamusoro pe400 Hz) sezvo kunonoka kwe / kudzima kunogona kukonzera kusashanda.
• Mutengo uye saizi mumashandisirwo anodiwa kwazvo: Midziyo ine simba repamusoro-soro inogona kuva yakawanda uye inodhura.

Chiyero chinowanzoita kunyura mukufarira SCRs kana zvasvika kune maindasitiri, simba, kana yakakwirira-simba mashandisirwo.

Kupesvedzera frequency uye voltage pane SCR kusarudzwa

La nguva zhinji yealternating current uye inoshanda voltage kukosha vari kuona zvinhu pakusarudza SCR. Kana iyo frequency yakanyanya kwazvo, iyo nguva iripo ye activation uye shutdown yakaderedzwa, kuwedzera mukana wekushaya simba uye kuwedzera kupisa chizvarwa. Mukuwedzera, iyo yakakwirira iyo inoshanda voltage, midziyo inokwanisa kushingirira kukwira kwemhepo inodiwa, zvakakosha kuti usarudze SCR ine zvinyorwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo zvedunhu.

Muchigadziro, zvakakoshawo kufunga nezve kugona kwezvinhu zvekubatsira, senge transformers, capacitor, uye kusefa masisitimu, ayo anofanirwa kuve akakura kuti ashande achienderana neSCR pasi pemamiriro ekushanda anotarisirwa.

SCRs dzinoshandiswa kupi uye ndedzipi miganhu yavo?

ari SCR Ivo varipo mumhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa dzakadai se:

• Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvemagetsi.
• Kudzorwa kwemagetsi emagetsi ekudzora kumhanya.
• Maindasitiri ekudziya masisitimu uye mavira emagetsi.
• Dimmable lighting systems.
• Industrial uye nyanzvi welding midziyo.

Zvisinei, SCR Izvo hazvina kukodzera kune ese maapplication. Semuenzaniso, haashande zvakanaka pama frequency akanyanya (anopfuura 400 Hz), anotambura nekurasikirwa kwemagetsi nekuda kwekudonha kwemagetsi, uye anogona kunge asina hupfumi mune yakaderera-simba kana yakakwirira-kumhanya application, uko mamwe semiconductors akadai se. transistors zvingava zvakanaka.

Kuenzanisa nemamwe maturusi uye thyristor mhuri

Mumhuri ye thyristor, kuwedzera kune SCRs, tinowana zvikamu zvakadai se DEAC (alternating current diode), the triac (alternating current triode), the Shockley diode (mana-layer) uye the isa (programmable unijunction transistor). Imwe neimwe ine maapplication akasiyana, asi iyo SCR inomira kunze kwekugona kwayo kubata simba repamusoro uye kutonga kwegedhi, zvichiita kuti ive yakanaka kune inodzorwa kugadzirisa uye kutonga kwesimba mumaindasitiri masisitimu.

Muenzaniso unoshanda: SCR 2N6504

El 2N6504 Ndiyo imwe yeakajairika SCR modhi mune yepakati- uye yakakwirira-simba maapplication. Ichi chishandiso chinotsigira yakakwirira ikozvino uye voltage kukosha, uye shizha rayo rinoratidza rinowanzoratidza:

• Maximum yakananga voltage pakati pe400 ne800 V.
• Maximum ikozvino inodarika 25 A.
• Yakaderedzwa gedhi inokonzeresa ikozvino, inofambisa kutonga ine yakaderera magetsi masaini.

Kushandiswa kwakajairika kwe 2N6504 Iri mumasisitimu ekumhanya kwemamotor epasirese, kwainobatidzwa panguva dzakatarwa mukuchinjana kwazvino kutenderera kugadzirisa simba rinopihwa uye kudzora kumhanya uye torque.

Kuyera uye kusimbiswa kweSCR

Kutarisa chimiro cheSCR, a multimeter mune diode modeIwo materminal anocherechedzwa, bvunzo inoitwa pakati peanode uye cathode, uye pfupi pulse pagedhi inoshandiswa kuona conduction. Kana iyo SCR ikaramba ichiita kana pulse yabviswa, SCR iri mumamiriro akanaka. Kuti uwedzere kuongororwa kwakadzama, zvinokurudzirwa kutevedzera mirairo yemugadziri uye kubvunza pepa re data.

Nzwisisa zvakadzama kushanda kwe a SCR uye kubatanidzwa kwavo mune zvazvino zvemagetsi masisitimu kwakakosha kune avo vanoshanda mumagetsi emagetsi uye maindasitiri otomatiki. Zvishandiso zvakadai se 2N6504 Ivo vanoratidza kusimba uye kuita kwakasiyana-siyana kwezvikamu izvi, izvo, kana zvakakura uye zvakadzivirirwa, zvinopa zvinobudirira uye zvakavimbika zvigadziriso zvekutonga kwemagetsi emagetsi mumashandisirwo emazuva ano.