Nhasi, kuyerwa chaiko kwehuremu nesimba Izvo zvakakosha mune zvese maindasitiri ekushandisa uye epamba uye mapurojekiti ekutsvagisa. Kana wakambozvibvunza Chii chinonzi strain gauge sensor? uye kuti inozadzisa sei Chikamu cheHX711 Kana iwe uchitsvaga nzira yekugadzira yakakwirira-chaiyo dhijitari zviyero, iwe wauya kunzvimbo chaiyo. Pano, isu tinopaza mativi ese, kubva padzidziso kusvika pakudzidzira, kuti unzwisise zvese uye udzidze mashandisiro ako ehuremu.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura kushandiswa kweiyo kwave kwakakurumbira strain gauges pamwe chete nemamodule akadai se HX711 mukugadzira zvikero zvekumba, zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi epamba, uye kunyangwe zviedzo zvechikoro. Zvakanakisa pane zvese, izvi zvikamu zvinokwanisika, zvinoenderana nemapuratifomu seArduino, uye bvumidza zviyero zvakavimbika pane imwe nhanho yehunyanzvi Kana vakagadziriswa zvakakwana. Ngatitorei nhanho-ne-nhanho kutarisa kune zvese, kubva pakutanga kushanda kusvika kukubatanidza uye kuronga.
Chii chinonzi strain gauge uye inoshanda sei?
La strain gauge Ndicho piezoresistive sensor iyo inoshandura deformation (ingave nekumanikidzika, kudhonza kana kudzvinyirira) kuita shanduko mukupikisa kwemagetsi, izvo zvinotibvumira kuyera zvisina kunanga masimba kana uremu hunoshandiswa pamusoro. Ichi chivakwa chakakosha pakunzwa mutoro mumasero emazuva ano anotakura..
Mukugadzirwa kwayo kwakanyanya, geji yekunzwa ine a yakanaka kwazvo metallic filament akaiswa mukati mefirimu rekunamatira. Kana chimiro chayakanamatira chakaremara, filament inotambanudza kana kumanikidza, ichichinja kuramba kwayo. Shanduko iyi, kunyangwe idiki, inoenderana nesimba rinoitwa. uye inogona kuongororwa nemagetsi.
Iyo piezoresistive effect Kuramba kwegeji kunowedzera kana yakatambanudzwa, uye inodzikira kana yakadzvanywa. Izvi zvinobvumira kuedza kwemuviri kushandurwa kuita chiratidzo chemagetsi chinoyerwa.
Aya ma geji anowanzo kuve akajairwa kuramba maitiro akadai 120Ω, 350Ω kana 1000Ω, uye shanduko dzinokonzerwa nekukanganisa ishoma: semuenzaniso, shanduko ye 0.12 Ω pamusoro pe 120 Ω yemitoro yakakosha. Zvisinei, pasina hurongwa hwakakodzera hwekusimudzira uye kuyerwa, izvi zviduku zvishoma zvingave zvakaoma kuona.
Load cell: mashandisirwo emagetsi emagetsi
Una load cell Iyo transducer inoshandisa strain gauges ku shandura masimba emagetsi kuita zviratidzo zvemagetsiNheyo yekushanda iri nyore: geji imwe kana anopfuura akasungirirwa kune chimiro chesimbi chakagadzirirwa kukanganisa kufanotaura pasi pemutoro. Kana huremu hukaiswa, chimiro chinodzima, sezvinoita magaji, uye chiratidzo chemagetsi chinoenzana nekunetseka chinogadzirwa.
Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekutakura masero (hydraulic, pneumatic, strain gauge, zvichingodaro), kunyangwe mumagetsi uye akaiswa masisitimu anonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye strain geji. Magadzirirwo ayo anowirirana anobvumira kuti a kurongeka kwepamusoro uye kugadzikana.
Masero anosiyana-siyana muhukuru, maumbirwo, kugona, uye kurongeka kwemuchina, kubva kune madiki anorema magiramu kuenda kushanduro dzeindasitiri dzinorema matani.
Mukati, masero akawanda anotakura anokwira 1, 2 kana 4 strain geji achigadzira zambuko reWheatstone., dunhu remagetsi rinotarisa kune zviduku zvakasiyana mukupikisa.
Wheatstone Bridge: Chakavanzika cheSensitivity
El Wheatstone Bridge Ndicho dunhu rezvidziviriro zvina zvakarongwa muskweya, umo imwe kana anopfuura angave majeji ekuseta. Kana pasina mutoro, dunhu riri mukuenzana uye hapana mutsauko ungangoita pakati pezvabuda. Kana magaji akaremara, kuenzana uku kunotyoka. uye detectable voltage kusiyana kunoonekwa izvo zvinoratidza mutoro wakaiswa.
Izvi zvinogadziriswa inowedzera kunzwa kune shanduko mukupikisa uye inobvumira kuonekwa kwezvidiki zvakasiyana, izvo zvingave zvisingabviri kubata neimwe nzira.
Mumba kana murabhoritari zvikero, zvakajairika kushandisa geji mana kugadzira rakazara Wheatstone zambuko, sezvinoita nyaya dzakawanda yokugezera zviyero uye huremu mapuratifomu. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza zvikanganiso zvekushisa uye kuvandudza mutsara nekururama.
Sei tichida HX711 module?
Kunyangwe bhiriji reWheatstone richiwedzera kusiyanisa kwemagetsi, shanduko idiki zvakanyanya (pahurongwa hwe microvolts). Microcontrollers seArduino haigone kuvaona, ndoda kuita zviyero chaizvo.
El Chikamu cheHX711 Iyo chip yakanyatsogadzirirwa kuyera masisitimu ane strain gauge mutoro maseru, kufambisa kuverenga chaiko.
El HX711 inoshanda senge instrumentation amplifier y 24-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC)Basa rayo guru nderokuti:
- Gamuchira chiratidzo chekusiyanisa kubva pabhiriji reWheatstone.
- Kurisa kuti zvive nyore kuverenga.
- Chishandure kuita chiratidzo chepamusoro chedhijitari kuitira kuti microcontroller igone kuigadzirisa.
Pamusoro pezvo, iyo HX711 inoratidzira yakapfava yedhijitari ine mapini maviri chete (Clock neData), yakafanana nebhazi reI2C, rinorerutsa kubatana nekutaurirana nesoftware.
Zvimiro zveiyo HX711 module
El HX711 Inomira kunze kwekunzwa kwayo kwakanyanya uye mutengo wakaderera. Zvimwe zvezvimiro zvayo zvikuru ndezvi:
- 24-bit chaiyo kuona kushanduka kwehuremu hushoma.
- Yakabatanidzwa uye inorongwa chiratidzo chekusimudzira (kazhinji x128 kana x64).
- Matanho maviri akazvimirira eanalogi ekuisa.
- Digital interface ine 2 pini (Serial Data uye Serial Clock).
- Kudyisa kwe 2,6V kusvika 5,5V, inoenderana neArduino uye mamwe mamicrocontrollers.
- Kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa.
Iyo module inowanzouya nemitsara miviri yemapini: imwe yekubatanidza kune iyo mutoro cell uye imwe yeiyo microcontroller.
Aya mapini anowanzo kunyorwa se: E+, E-, A+, A-, VCC, GND, DT, SCKYakajairika load cell cables ndeiyi:
- Tsvuku: Positive excitation (E+ / VCC)
- Dema: Negative excitation (E- / GND)
- Chena: Negative kubuda (A-)
- Green: Positive output (A+)
Mhando dzekubatanidza uye kutakura masero akasiyana
Standard load cell wiring ine-waya, kunyangwe mavara anogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemugadziri. Mamwe mavhezheni asingadhure kana akadzokororwa ane waya nhatu, nepo mamwe epamberi anosanganisira yechishanu yero kana waya yebhuruu yekudzivirira kana kuisa pasi.
Mumapurojekiti epamba, anowanzo kutakura maseru 5 kg kana 20 kg, kunyangwe paine mavhezheni anosvika 50 kg kana anopfuura ekushandiswa kwemaindasitiri.
Kuti ubatanidze masero akati wandei, senge muzvikero zvekugezera, a musanganiswa module kana kubatanidza kwemaoko, izvo zvinoda ruzivo rwemagetsi. Izvo zvakakosha kuti ucherechedze kutungamira kwemuseve pane sero kuyera kwakaringana, kuve nechokwadi chekuti chikamu chepakati chinoramba chakasununguka uye deformation iri yakakwana.
Kuunganidza chiyero chedhijitari: zvinhu uye zvinongedzo
kuvaka a digital scale Iine dhizaini geji uye HX711, iwe uchada:
- A microcontroller (Arduino UNO, Nano, Mega, ESP8266, nezvimwewo).
- Kanenge sero rimwe chete remutoro (1kg, 5kg, 20kg… sezvinodiwa).
- Iyo HX711 module.
- Nzvimbo yakaoma yepuratifomu.
- Cables, connectors uye screws.
Optionally, unogona kuwedzera:
- LCD skrini kana kuratidza kuratidza huremu.
- Mabhatani etare uye modhi.
- Zvitsigiro kana mahwendefa echimiro.
- Zvekubatanidza zvakaita seWiFi kana Bluetooth ine ESP8266/ESP32.
Zvisungo zviri nyore:
- Batanidza waya dzesero kumapini eHX711: Tsvuku kuE+, Nhema kuE-, Ichena kuA-, Girini kuA+.
- VCC uye GND yeHX711 kusvika ku5V uye GND ye microcontroller.
- DT uye SCK yeHX711 kune mapini edhijitari (muenzaniso 3 uye 2).
- Isa sero pane chimiro, kuve nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo yepakati chete inoramba yakasununguka kuyera kwakaringana.
Kuronga neArduino uye kuenzanisa chiyero
Kuti uverenge data, iyo Bogde's HX711 chitoro chemabhuku, inowanikwa muArduino IDE Library Manager. Zvimwe zvakakosha zvinosanganisira:
- kutanga (pinData, pinClock): tanga module.
- basa(s): inoisa zero huremu mubasa retare.
- set_scale(scale): inotsanangura chinhu chinoshandura kuverenga kuita zviyero zvinorema.
- verenga () / verenga_avhareji(n): kuwana kuverenga mbishi kana pakati.
- get_value(n): inodzorera kuverenga pasina uremu hwetare.
- get_units(n): inopa huremu hwakagadziriswa nechiyero uye tare.
Calibration inosanganisira kuisa huremu hunozivikanwa, kutora kuverenga, uye kuverenga chiyero chinhu: chiyero = kuverenga / uremu chaihwo. Inobva yapinzwa mukodhi kuti igadzirise kuverenga kweramangwana.
Zvinokurudzirwa kutora zviyero zvakawanda uye kugadzirisa chiyero pane serial yekutarisa kuti uwane yakarurama uye yakagadzikana mhedzisiro.
Sample zvirongwa zvedhijitari chiyero neHX711 uye Arduino
Muenzaniso wakapfava unoratidza huremu pane serial monitor ungave:
#include "HX711.h" #define CALIBRATION 20780.0 // Tsiva neyako kukosha byte pinData = 3; byte pinClk = 2; HX711 chiyero; void setup() {Serial.begin(9600); balance.begin(pinData, pinClk); balance.set_scale(CALIBRATION); balance.tare(); } void loop() {Serial.print("Uremu hwazvino: "); Serial.print(balance.get_units(10), 1); Serial.println("kg"); kunonoka (500); }
Iyo sisitimu inogona kukwidziridzwa nekuwedzera LCD kuratidza, mabhatani, kana kuchengetedza chiyero muEEPROM yekukurumidza uye kwakaringana macalibrations, kuwana ruzivo rwehunyanzvi.
Zvinetso zvinobvira uye mazano anoshanda
1. Kusiyana kwemavara ewaya: Tarisa zvakabatana uchishandisa dhetabheti kana nekuyera kupokana. Kazhinji, iyo miviri ine yakanyanya kupikisa inoenderana nekunakidzwa (+/-).
2. Kuverenga kusingaite: Chinjana iyo A+ uye A- inobuda inotungamira kana zviyero zvikaita sekunge zvadzoswa kana kusarongeka.
3. Mechanical kugadzikana: Ita shuwa kuti wachengetedza sero nenzira kwayo uye kuti chete chikamu chepakati chechimiro chinotsigira uremu kudzivirira kukanganisa.
4. Ruzha uye kukanganisa: Shandisa tambo pfupi, dzakavharirwa kana zvichibvira, uye bvisa sisitimu kubva kune kunobva ruzha rwemagetsi.
5. Kusiyana kwetembiricha: Mageji anonzwa kushanduka kwekupisa; kana zvichibvira, ita calibrations pasi pemamiriro akagadzikana kana kushandisa maseru ane 4 geji.
Kuwedzera uye zvinogona kushandiswa kwehurongwa
Neako sisitimu yekushandisa, unogona kuwedzera maficha:
- Ratidza uremu pane LCD skrini.
- Seta chenjedzo dzezviyereso zvinorema.
- Batanidze kune gore kuburikidza neESP8266/ESP32 yekutarisa kure.
- Ishandise mukuyedza, chiyero chekuyerwa, otomatiki, otomatiki kumba, nezvimwe.
Iko kubatanidzwa kweHX711 kunofambisa mapurojekiti edzidzo, kudzora kwezvinyorwa, zviyero zvekutengesa, gasi cylinder control, uye mamwe akawanda ekugadzira mazano.
