Isu tinogara takakomberedzwa nemagetsi emagetsi: kubva kuchiedza chezuva kusvika kumasaini eredhiyo, Wi-Fi, uye magetsi epamba. Kunyangwe zvisingaoneki, kuvapo kwayo kunogara, uye saka zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise kuti zvinotikanganisa sei. wavelength uye frequency Ivo vanogadzirisa simba rayo uye, nekudaro, nzira yaanogona kuita nemuviri wedu.
Sainzi iripo inoratidza kuti, pamatanho ezvakatipoteredza, njodzi yakadzikira. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, pane misiyano yakakosha pakati pemwaranzi inokwanisa kuita ionizing zvinhu (senge X-rays uye gamma raysAvo vasina (redhiyo frequencies, infrared, chiedza chinooneka, nezvimwewo) zvakakoshawo. Kusimba uye kuratidzwa nguva zvine basawo, saka kunzwisisa misiyano iyi kunotibatsira kusiyanisa pakati pekutya kusina hwaro uye chokwadi. kungwarira zvine musoro.
Wavelength, frequency uye simba: iyo mitemo yemutambo
Electromagnetic waves inogona kutsanangurwa neavo wavelength, kuwanda kwayo, kana simba rayoAya maparamita matatu akabatanidzwa: yakakwirira frequency inofanana nepfupi wavelength; uye simba rephoton rimwe nerimwe rinowedzera nehuwandu. Hukama uhwu hunotsanangura kuti sei asiri ese matunhu eiyo spectrum anokanganisa masisitimu ebhayoloji zvakaenzana.
Mimwe mienzaniso inobatsira kujekesa pfungwa: an amplitude modulation radio station mu 1 MHz renji ine wavelength yeanenge 300 mamitaOvheni yemicrowave inoshanda kutenderedza 2,45 GHz, uye urefu hwayo hunosvika masendimita gumi nemaviri. Uyu mutsauko wesaizi yemafungu inoshandura mune akasiyana simba paphoton uye, nekudaro, kupinda nzira dzekudyidzana zvakasiyana nemicheka.
Muredhiyo uye microwaves, magetsi uye magineti minda inoumba electromagnetic wave. Muchikamu ichi, simba remunda rinowanzoratidzwa se simba remagetsi (W/m²)Yakaderera uye yakakwirira frequency haiite nenzira imwechete pamuviri: pamusoro peanenge 1 MHz iyo thermal effect inotungamira; pazasi, kuiswa kwe electric charges nema currents inotora nzvimbo yepakati.
Kwavanobva: zvisikwa uye zvinyorwa zvekugadzira
Muzvisikwa, madutu anogadzira minda yemagetsi sezvo machaji anoungana mumhepo, uye Magineti epasi Inotungamirira kambasi, shiri dzinotama, uye dzimwe hove. Izvi zviitiko zvinoratidza kuti minda yemagetsi chikamu chenharaunda kunyangwe pasina kupindira kwevanhu.
Pakati pemanyuko akaitwa nevanhu pane chinhu chiri chose: magetsi ari muchitubu chemagetsi anogadzira minda isina-frequency yakaderera; X-ray Vanobvumira kuongororwa kwekuputsika; nemhando dzakasiyana dze radiofrequency kufambisa ruzivo kuburikidza neredhiyo antenna, terevhizheni kana mbozhanhare nhepfenyuro nemidziyo yakadai se. RFID vaverengiPamafaro epamusoro mukati meRF spectrum, iyo microwave Dzinoshandiswa pakubika, sezvo dzichipisa zvokudya nokukurumidza.
Ionizing uye isiri-ionizing: muganho mukuru
Musiyano wakakosha ndiko kugona ionize. Yakanyanya kukwirisa frequency radiation-yakadai se gamma rays uye X-rays-vane simba rakakwana rekutyora zvisungo zvemakemikari mumamorekuru nemaatomu, vachigadzira maion. Izvi zvinogona kukuvadza DNA uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemasero. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, kana ikashandiswa nemazvo, ine zvisingarambike zvekurapa zvikumbiro: X-rays yekuongororwa kana gamma rays yekurapa bundu. Panyaya yekudzivirira, iyo lead aprons Vanodzikamisa mwaranzi yakapararira muradiology, uye nemwaranzi yegamma, zvipingamupinyi zvemutobvu, kongiri kana mitumbi yemvura zvinoshandiswa, izvo zvinobudirira mukuve nesimba ravo rakakwirira.
Iyo isiri-ionizing chikamu cheiyo spectrum inosanganisira iyo ultraviolet (Kune chikamu chikuru), chiedza chinooneka, infrared, radio frequencies, uye yakanyanya kuderera frequencies, pamwe nenzvimbo dzakasimba. Hapana chimwe cheizvi chinoputsa zvisungo nemafotoni, asi zvinogona kuburitsa zvimwe zvinokonzeresa: kupisa, kugadziridzwa kwe reaction rates kana kuiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi mumatishu.
Iyo yepamusoro yekupedzisira yeasina-ionizing radiation haifanirwe kuderedzwa. Somuenzaniso, mwaranzi yeUV inobva kuzuva inogona kukonzera kutsva uye kuwedzera kwengozi yekenza yegandaChiedza chakanyanya kuoneka chinogona kukuvadza retina, uye kuratidzwa zvakanyanya kune infrared radiation kunogona kukonzera kupisa. Kusiyana neizvi, maredhiyo eredhiyo payakajairwa ambient mazinga ari pazasi pezvikumbaridzo zvekupisa, saka mukana wavo wekukuvadza pasi pemamiriro akajairwa haugoneki. kushomeka.
Magetsi uye magineti minda: zvavari uye kuti ndeapi mafrequency avanofamba
ari minda yemagetsi Iwo anomuka kana paine voltage, kunyangwe pasina ikozvino iri kuyerera. Ndosaka tambo yakanamirwa ine mudziyo wakadzimwa ichikwanisa kugadzira nzvimbo yemagetsi munzvimbo yayo. Mukupesana ne, magnetic fields Zvinoonekwa chete kana ikozvino iri kuyerera, uye kusimba kwavo kunowedzera nekusimba kweiyo ikozvino.
Mukuita, minda yemagetsi yakatenderedza mudziyo inonyangarika kana yaburitswa. Nekudaro, iyo yakadzoreredzwa wiring iyo inodyisa iyo yekubuda inogona kuchengetedza munda uchine simba. Zvekare, iyo yakakosha ruzivo ndeyekuti kune kana kwete kune munda uripo. voltage kana ikozvino uye ukuru hwayo.
Panyaya yemasaranji, tinotaura nezve yakaderera zvakanyanya (FEB/ELF) kusvika pa300 Hz; intermediate frequencies (IF), kubva 300 Hz kusvika 10 MHz; uye radio frequency (RF)Kubva 10 MHz kusvika 300 GHz. Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, grid yemagetsi uye midziyo yemumba inotonga muELF; masisitimu ekare, anti-kuba masisitimu kana imwe midziyo yekuchengetedza inoshanda muIF; uye redhiyo, TV, radar, nharembozha uye microwave oveni zviri muRF.
Kufambiswa kwemagetsi kunoitika pamhepo yakakwira uye hunhu hwayo hwakagadzikana, nepo iripo-uye nekudaro iyo inosanganisirwa magineti inosiyana nekushandisa. Mumba, ma voltages akadzikira uye minda inowanzo dzika zvakare, ichisara pazasi peiyo yepamusoro-voltage system. kukurudzira zvikumbaridzo yetsinga nemhasuru.
Kudyidzana kwavanoita nemuviri
Muviri wemunhu unoshanda uchishandisa magetsi: moyo unorova nezvinobatika zvemagetsi mu a electrocardiogramMaNeurons anotaurirana achishandisa bioelectrical masaini, uye akawanda metabolic maitiro anobvisa machaji. Kunyange mukushayikwa kweminda yekunze, maminiti emhepo anotenderera zvakasununguka.
Apo a munda wemagetsi Low-frequency radiation ichitikanganisa inokwanisa kugoverazve machaji pamusoro peganda uye kugadzira mafambiro anoyerera achidzika. Ukuru hwemafungu aya anokonzerwa nemhepo inoenderana nekusimba kwemunda wekunze, asi pasi pemamiriro ekunze ezvakatipoteredza, anoramba ari pasi pemazinga angakonzeresa [kukuvadza/kunetsa]. matambudziko emagetsi zvinonzwisisika.
ari magnetic fields Low-frequency masaisai anokonzera kutenderera mukati memuviri. Kudai iwaya akanga akasimba zvakakwana, aigona kunyandura tsinga kana kuti tsandanyama. Nekudaro, kunyangwe yakananga pasi peyakakwira-voltage tambo yemagetsi, iwo anokonzeresa mafungu anowanzo minuscule kana achienzaniswa ne kukurudzira zvikumbaridzo zvakasimbiswa nemirayiridzo.
Mukurapa kwema radiofrequency, mhedzisiro huru ndeye kudziyaKutanga paanenge 1 MHz, mafungu eRF anobvisa maion nemamorekuru emvura, achigadzira kupisa. Pamazinga akaderera kwazvo, muviri unobvisa simba iri pasina nyaya. Pazasi angangoita 1 MHz, iyo inotungamira mhedzisiro ndeyekuiswa kwemachaji uye mafungu. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, nhungamiro yekuratidzwa yakatsanangurwa kudzivirira zvese kukurudzira magetsi uye ... tembiricha inomuka zvakakosha.
Muminda yakamira, minda yemagetsi haipindike uye zvayakajairwa kuita kumira kwebvudzi nekuda kwekubhadharisa pamusoro, pasina zvine chekuita nehutano zvisingaite. downloadsMagineti akatsiga anopfuura nemuviri pasina attenuation; pakusimba kwakanyanya vaigona kushandura kuyerera kweropa kana kuvhiringa tsinga dzetsinga, asi mazinga aya haawanikidzwe muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Nekudaro, humbowo hune chekuita nekurebesa static kuratidzwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzebasa hunoramba husina kujeka. zvishoma.
Nharembozha, WiFi uye antennas: izvo humbowo hunoti
Nharembozha dzinobatana kune zviteshi zvepasi uchishandisa RF. Iwo anowanzo shanda pakati peanenge 450 uye 2700 MHz uye ane peak simba mazinga anosvika 2 WattsIvo vanofambisa kana vabatidzwa uye vachishanda, uye kuratidzwa kwemushandisi kunodonha zvakanyanya nekuwedzera chinhambwe. Kutumira mameseji, kubhurawuza, kana kushandisa zvishandiso zvisina maoko zvinoderedza zvakanyanya chiratidzo chakabatwa; uye kuva kufukidzwa kwakanaka Izvi zvinoita kuti terminal ibude nesimba shoma.
Nezvezvinokonzeresa, panhare mbozha simba rakawanda rinotorwa neganda uye nepamusoro matishu, saka chero kuwedzera kwekushisa muuropi kana nhengo dzakadzika hakuna basa. Zvidzidzo pamusoro pekuita kwemagetsi europi, kuziva, kurara, kurova kwemwoyo, kana BP Havana kuwana kukuvadza kwakafanana pamatanho ari pazasi pezvikumbaridzo zvekupisa.
Zviratidzo zvakadai sekutemwa nemusoro, kushaya hope, kana kushatirwa zvakataurwa pasi peamburera yeanonzi electromagnetic hypersensitivityNekudaro, tsvagiridzo haina kukwanisa kumisa hukama hwechikonzero pakati pekusagadzikana uku uye kuratidzwa kuminda pamazinga ari pasi pekuchengetedza miganhu.
Nezve njodzi dzenguva refu, epidemiology yakanangana nemamota ehuropi. Sezvo magomarara mazhinji achitora makore kukura uye kushandiswa kwenharembozha kwakapararira muma90s, zvidzidzo zvaifanira kushanda mukati menguva shoma. Kuedza kwemhuka uye zvidzidzo zvecohort zviripo hazvina kuratidza kuwedzera kwakajeka mukati tumor kuitika nekuda kwekuratidzwa kwenguva refu kuRF pasi pemamiriro ekudzora.
Iyo INTERPHONE macro-kudzidza, ine data kubva kunyika gumi nenhatu, haina kuwana njodzi yakawedzera ye glioma kana meningioma Mushure meanopfuura makore gumi ekushandiswa, kunyangwe yakaona mibairo yakasiyana mumapoka madiki ane kushandiswa kwakanyanya, International Agency for Research on Cancer yakaisa radiofrequency (RF) zvishandiso se "zvichida carcinogenic" kuvanhu (Group 2B). Ichi chikamu chinoratidza kuti mubatanidzwa haugone kubviswa zvachose, asi zvakare unobvumira tsananguro nekuda kwemukana, kurerekera, kana kuvhiringika. Uku kupatsanurwa kunosimbisa kudiwa kweimwe tsvakiridzo, kunyanya mu huwandu hwevana nevechidiki.
Zvichakadaro, zvakakosha kuyeuka hukuru: munzvimbo chaidzo dzepasirese, kuratidzwa kune masaini eWiFi uye masiginecha kubva kumaantenna kana nharembozha kazhinji zviri pakati. Kagumi uye ka10.000 pasi pemiganhu yenyika. Pamatanho aya, mukana wehutano hwakakosha hwakaderera, izvo zvinotsanangura kuti sei vakuru vehutano vasingakurudzire zvirambidzo zvinoshamisa mukushandiswa kwezuva nezuva.
Exposure limits uye mashandisiro avanoita
Kuchengetedza huwandu hwevanhu nevashandi, kune humbowo-hwakavakirwa pasi rose nhungamiro, senge iyo ye ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection). Aya anotsanangura miganhu yemagetsi uye magineti minda kubva 1 Hz kusvika 100 kHz, uye yeredhiyo frequencies kusvika 300 GHz, pamwe neye optical radiation (UV, inooneka uye infraredNyika nevatongi vanotora mirairo iyi mumirau yavo, ine miganho yakafara yekuchengeteka.
Pakupera kweionizing, chengetedzo inodzorwa nemaprotocol akasimba: radiologists uye oncologists vanogadzirisa madosi muX-rays, CT scans, kana radiotherapy kuti kuwedzere kubatsirwa uye kuderedza njodzi. Zvidziviriro zvemunhu zvinoshandiswa. zvipinganidzo nenhoo yakakodzera kurudzi rwemwaranzi, iyo inobvumira izvi zvishandiso zvekurapa kuti zvishandiswe nepamusoro pekuchengetedza zviyero.
Mundima isiri-ionizing, metrics akadai se SAR (Specific absorption rate) mumidziyo iri padyo nemuviri, pamwe nekuwanda kwesimba munzvimbo. Zviyero muzvikoro, dzimba, nenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji zvinoratidza mazinga ari pazasi pemiganhu. Zvakare, tsvagiridzo inoenderera mberi nekugadzirisa nzira dzekuongorora kuratidzwa kwemunhu, kusanganisira kushandiswa kwemamita anopfekeka muzvidzidzo zvevanhu. kuratidza kusiyana zvepanyika uye zvenguva.
Dziviriro dzine musoro muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva
Kushushikana neveruzhinji kwakaperekedza tekinoroji itsva yega yega: tambo dzemagetsi, terevhizheni, radar, nharembozha… Nhasi tinoziva kuti, pachiyero chezvakatipoteredza, magetsi emagetsi haakonzere njodzi. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvine musoro kutevedzera maitiro ari nyore ayo, asingashande, anoderedza kuratidzwa. mharidzo yomunhu oga.
- Deredza nhamba uye zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kufona nguva.
- Koshesa text messages kana kuti maoko-emahara maringe nekubata foni mumusoro mako.
- Dzivisa kutakura nharembozha yako muhomwe dzako, kunyanya pedyo ne genital.
- Shandisa sipika kana mahedhifoni ne air tube pazvinogoneka.
- Dzima foni yako usiku; zvakafanana zvinoenda kune WiFi routeruye zviri nani kuti urege kuiisa muimba yekurara.
- Pese pazvinogoneka, shandisa foni yako munzvimbo dzine kufukidzwa kwakanaka zvekuti inoburitsa pane simba rakaderera.
Aya matanho anotora mukana weiyo yakakosha pfuma yekutaurirana isina waya: iyo terminal's transmission power inodzikira kana network network yakasimba uye inowedzera kana isina simba. Nezvigadziriso zvidiki zvekushandisa kwezuva nezuva, isu tinogona, pasina kupira kushanda, kuzvimisa isu pachedu kure kure ne ... kuchengeteka zvikumbaridzo yakagadzwa nemasangano enyika.
Hukama huri pakati pewavelength, frequency, uye simba hunotsanangura kuti nei iyo electromagnetic spectrum ine zvakasiyana siyana mhedzisiro, kubva pakurapa mabhenefiti mumushonga kusvika kune njodzi dzinogona kuitika kana miganhu ikapfuudzwa. vatungamiri vezviratidziro Tichifunga nezve mirau yazvino, uye tichifunga kuti kuratidzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kuRF uye netiweki minda iri pazasi pezvikumbaridzo, mamiriro ezuva nezuva anopa kushomeka kwehutano. Kunzwisisa zvitubu, kuziva mabatiro avanoita nemuviri, uye kushandisa matanho akareruka ekuchengetedza kunotitendera kurarama ne "soup" iyi yemwaranzi nenzira ine ruzivo. rugare.
