Thermocouples Iwo maturusi anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekuyera tembiricha. Nekuda kwekuita kwavo kwakasiyana-siyana, mutengo wakaderera, uye kusimba, thermocouples yave imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa sarudzo yekunyatso tarisa uye kuyera tembiricha munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana. Dhizaini uye kushanda kwayo kwakavakirwa pamisimboti yakapfava yemuviri, asi nemashandisirwo anotangira kubva kumaindasitiri ekutsvagisa kwesainzi.
Kune dzakawanda mhando dze thermocouples, imwe neimwe yakagadzirirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushisa uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza. Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora zvakadzama mhando dzakasiyana dze thermocouples, mashandisirwo adzo, maficha akakosha, uye nzira yekusarudza yakanyatsokodzera zvichienderana nenharaunda uye chaiyo kuyerwa kudiwa.
Chii chinonzi thermocouple?
Un thermocouple Iyo sensor inoyera tembiricha kuburikidza nekubatana kwemasimbi maviri akasiyana simbi conductor. Aya maconductor anogadzira voltage inosiyana nemusiyano wetembiricha pakati pemigumo ye sensor, ichibvumira iyo chaiyo tembiricha panzvimbo yekuyera kuti itemerwe. Chiitiko ichi chinonzi Seebeck effect, iyo ndiyo nheyo yekushanda kwe thermocouples.
Inoshanda musimboti
Sezvatakataura, iyo thermocouple yakavakirwa pane Seebeck effect. Kana simbi mbiri dzakaiswa pakubata uye dzichiiswa kune mutsauko wetembiricha, dzinoburitsa voltage. Imwe mugumo we thermocouple iri kusangana nechinhu icho tembiricha iri kuyerwa (the kupisa kubatanidza), nepo imwe mugumo ichichengetwa pane tembiricha inozivikanwa, senge tembiricha yekamuri (the cold union).
Iyi voltage inogadzirwa inoshandurwa kuita kuverenga kunobatsira kwekushisa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti iyo inobuda chiratidzo kubva kune thermocouples idiki kwazvo, kazhinji mumillivolts, saka dunhu rekusimudzira rinodikanwa kushandura chiratidzo ichocho kuita chiverengero chinogoneka.
Mhando dze thermocouples
Kune akati wandei marudzi e thermocouples zvichienderana nemidziyo inoumba maconductor, uye mhando yega yega ine yakasarudzika zvimiro maererano netembiricha renji uye huchokwadi. Pasi apa, tinotsanangura izvo zvinowanzoitika.
Nyora K thermocouple
Iyo K mhando thermocouple Ndiyo inonyanya kuwanikwa muindastiri. Inogadzirwa nemusanganiswa we nickel-chromium (Chromel®) sechinhu chakanaka uye nickel-aluminium (Alumel®) sechinhu chisina kunaka. Yakanakira kuyera tembiricha muhupamhi kubva -200°C kusvika 1250°C.
Iyi mhando ye thermocouple inonyanya kubatsira munzvimbo umo oxidizing uye yakanyanya tembiricha yemhepo inoitika. Mutengo wayo wakaderera uye kusimba kunoita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka kune yakapararira maindasitiri ekushandisa.
J nyora thermocouple
J nyora thermocouple Iyo inozivikanwa nekushandiswa kwayo munzvimbo dzinopisa kubva -210 ° C kusvika 760 ° C. Inoumbwa ne hierro as a positive conductor uye constantan (a copper-nickel alloy) semuitisi asina kunaka.
Icho chimwe chezva zvakachipa thermocouples uye inokodzera nharaunda dzisingadariki 760 ° C, sezvo iron inobvisa oxidize nekukurumidza pakupisa kwepamusoro. Naizvozvo, yakanakira maapplication anoda yakaderera-mutengo sensor uye ine mwero tembiricha.
T nyora thermocouple
El T nyora thermocouple Yakanakira kuyerwa tembiricha yakaderera, senge iyo inotangira -200°C kusvika 350°C. Vatyairi vayo vakaumbwa ne mhangura padivi rakanaka uye constantan padivi rakaipa. Icho chimwe chezvakanakisisa maererano nekugadzikana uye kunyatsojeka kana uchishanda mune zvisiri zvakanyanyisa cryogenic kana mhepo yemhepo.
Yakakosha simbi thermocouples: mhando R, S uye B
Izvi mhando dze thermocouples Iwo anonyanya kugadzirwa nesimbi dzakakosha seplatinamu, izvo zvinoita kuti dzive dzakanakira maapplication anoda kuyera tembiricha yakanyanya, kusvika 1700°C. Izvo zvakanyatsojeka uye zvakagadzikana, asiwo zvinodhura.
Rudzi R thermocouple inoshandisa musanganiswa we platinamu-rhodium sevatyairi. Inokodzera tembiricha inosvika 1450 ° C uye yakagadzikana zvakanyanya, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera marabhoritari uye nepamusoro-soro nharaunda.
El mhando S thermocouple Iyo yakafanana nemhando R, asi yayo platinamu-rhodium chiyero chakasiyana zvishoma, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune maapplication anoda yakakwirira yekugadzikana uye kusimba.
Mhando B thermocouple Inomira pachena pakukwanisa kwayo kuyera tembiricha yakanyanya, kusvika 1700°C, pasina kudiwa kwemuripo munzvimbo inotonhora inosvika 50°C. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakakosha mune zvine njodzi maindasitiri ekushandisa uye nharaunda dzine hutsinye.
N mhando thermocouple
El N mhando thermocouple Yakagadzirwa seshanduko yerudzi rweK, uye inoratidzwa nekupokana kwayo kukuru kune oxidation uye kugadzikana pakupisa kwakanyanya. Inoshandisa alloys ye nicrosil y nisil, iyo inobvumira kuti ishande munzvimbo dzinosvika 1280°C.
Iri rudzi rwe thermocouple isarudzo yakanaka kune zvikumbiro zvinoda kupikisa zvakanyanya kuderera kwekupisa uye kusimba kwenguva refu.
Thermocouple kukanganisa range nemiganhu
Iyo IEC 60584-1 yakajairwa inogadza akasiyana tembiricha mazinga uye kukanganisa miganhu kune yega yega mhando ye thermocouple. Kunyangwe zvichisiyana zvichienderana nehupamhi hwewaya uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, kutaura zvakanyanya, zvinotevera zvinogona kutsanangurwa:
- Type J: -210°C kusvika 760°C, paine kukanganisa kwe ±2.2°C kana ±0.75%
- Type K: -200°C kusvika 1250°C, paine kukanganisa kwe ±2.2°C kana ±0.75%
- T type: -200°C kusvika 350°C, paine kukanganisa kwe ±1.0°C kana ±0.75%
- Type N: -200°C kusvika 1280°C, paine kukanganisa kwe ±2.2°C kana ±0.75%
Nzira yekusarudza sei thermocouple yakarurama?
Sarudza iyo yakakodzera thermocouple Zvinoenderana nezvakati wandei, senge tembiricha yaunoda kuyera, nharaunda iyo sensor ichashandiswa, uye bhajeti iripo. Zvakakosha kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakadai se:
- Maximum uye zvishoma tembiricha: Mhando yega yega ye thermocouple ine chaiyo inoshanda renji.
- Entorno de operación: Oxidizing, kuderedza, cryogenic atmospheres, nezvimwewo, zvinogona kukanganisa kusimba kwe sensor.
- Chemical resistance: Zvimwe zvinhu zvinonyanya kukanganiswa nekuora, izvo zvinokanganisa hupenyu hwe sensor.
- Kururama: Iyo yakanyanya kurongeka, mutengo unowanzo wedzera, saka chinhu chakakosha kuenzana nekushanda.
Common applications
ari thermocouples Iwo anoshandiswa mumamirioni ekushandisa muakasiyana maindasitiri, nekuda kwekuita kwavo kwakasiyana uye kusimba. Mimwe mienzaniso inosanganisira:
- mashizha emagetsi uko tembiricha dzematurbine nezvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zvinotariswa.
- Research laboratories uko kururama kukuru kunodiwa mukuyera pakupisa kwakanyanyisa, zvose zviri zviviri zvakakwirira nokudzika.
- Industrial process senge fekitori otomatiki, uko kudiwa kwekutarisisa kwemafuta kunogara kuripo.
Zvakanakira uye kuipa kwe thermocouples
Kunyangwe ichishandiswa zvakanyanya, hadzisi dzese nharaunda dzakakodzera thermocouples. Ngationgororei kusimba kwayo uye kusasimba kwayo.
Kubatsirwa
- Kusimba uye kusimba kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.
- Yakaderera mutengo zvichienzaniswa nemamwe masensa akadai seRTDs.
- Wide tembiricha siyana, kubva kune cryogenic applications kusvika kune yakakwirira tembiricha zvibvumirano.
payakaipira
- Kunyatsoita zvishoma zvichienzaniswa neakawanda matekinoroji akadai seRTDs.
- Sensitivity kune ruzha rwemagetsi, kunyanya mukumhanya kwetambo refu.
- Kuda kuita inotonhora junction muripo kuti uwane kuverenga kwakarurama.
Paunenge uchiedza kusarudza yakakodzera thermocouple yeimwe application, zvakakosha kuti utarise zvese izvi zvinhu, uchiyera mabhenefiti ainopa, senge mutengo wakaderera uye hupamhi hwekushandisa, zvichipesana nezvainogumira mukurongeka uye kunzwa kune nharaunda. . Thermocouples inoramba iri imwe yemhinduro dzakanyanya kushanda uye dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuyera tembiricha mune inodiwa zvakanyanya maindasitiri mashandisirwo.