Kufambira mberi mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi edunhu kwakashandura nzira yatinofungidzira uye kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvetekinoroji. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvakashanduka nekufamba kwemakore inzira iyo zvikamu zvemagetsi zvinoiswa pamabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa (PCBs). Muchinyorwa chino tichanyatsoongorora maviri makuru matekinoroji: kuburikidza-gomba zvikamu (PTH) uye pamusoro pegomo components (SMD). Isu tichagadzirisa mutsauko wavo, zvakanakira, zvisingabatsiri uye chaiwo mashandisirwo kuitira kuti iwe uve nechiratidzo chakajeka chekuti ndeipi tekinoroji inonyanya kukodzera kune zvaunoda.
Uyezve, isu hatizongotsanangudza iwo ekutanga pfungwa dzeiyi tekinoroji, asi isu tichaongorora zvakare hunyanzvi uye hunoshanda zvinhu iyo inonongedza chiyero kune imwe kana imwe zvichienderana neprojekti. Pamusoro pezvo, isu tichaongorora kuti matekiniki aya akagarisana sei uye akazadzisa maindasitiri akasiyana, kubva pakugadzira maindasitiri kusvika pakugadzira prototype.
Chii chiri kuburikidza negomba (PTH) zvikamu?
Kuburikidza nezvikamu zvegomba, zvinozivikanwawo sePTH (Plated through Hole), zvinoonekwa nekuve conductor cables iyo inopinda kuburikidza nekuputika mumapuranga edunhu akadhindwa. Tambo idzi dzinobva dzatengeswa kumakwara emhangura ari kuseri kwebhodhi. Iyi tekinoroji yaive yekutanga kushandiswa, ichitonga musika kubva kuma50 kusvika pakupera kwema80., apo tekinoroji yekukwira kumusoro yakatanga kuwedzera.
Imwe yemhando huru yePTH ndeyekuti inopa a kuwedzera kwakasimba mechanical connection, yakanakira maapplication ayo zvikamu zviri pasi pekushushikana kwemuviri, senge vibrations kana tembiricha yakakwira. Uyezve, kuburikidza-gomba zvikamu ndizvo favourites mukuyedza uye prototyping nharaunda kuitira kubvumidza zviri nyore kugadzirisa nemaoko.
Zvakanakira zvePTH zvikamu
- Mechanical simba: Nekuti tambo dzinopfuura nepakati pebhodhi, izvo zvinoriumba zvakanyanya kugadzikana kurwisa vibrations uye mechanical stress.
- Kureruka kweprototyping: Iwo akanakira mapurojekiti mukusimudzira uko kunowanzo kutsiva kwezvikamu kunodiwa.
- High kushivirira kune tembiricha yepamusoro uye mafungu: Izvi zvinovaita vakakwana kune maindasitiri nemauto ekushandisa.
Kuipa kwePTH zvikamu
- Madhizaini anogumira: Kudiwa kwekuboora makomba kunoderedza nzvimbo iripo yenzira yekufambisa.
- Mutengo wepamusoro: Kudhirowa nekutengesa kunodhura zvakanyanya zvichienzaniswa neSMD tekinoroji.
- Haikodzeri miniaturization: PTH zvikamu zvakakura muhukuru, zvichiita kuti dzisanyanya kukodzera kune compact uye lightweight zvishandiso.
Ndezvipi zvikamu zveMount Mount (SMD)?
macro image of surface mound yakatengeswa maelectronic components pane yakadhindwa redunhu board
Surface mounting tekinoroji, inozivikanwa seSMT (Surface Mount Technology), inoshandisa SMD zvinoriumba Vanoiswa zvakananga pamusoro pePCB pasina chikonzero chekuchera makomba. Izvi zvikamu zvinosungirirwa uchishandisa flat contacts kana arrays emarata spheres anonyatso tengeswa achishandisa reflow oveni.
SMT yakatanga kuve yakakurumbira muma80 uye yakanyanya kutsiva PTH mukugadzirwa kwakawanda kwemidziyo yemagetsi. Kubatsira kwayo kukuru kuri mu nzvimbo optimization, kubvumira compact uye inoshanda magadzirirwo.
Zvakanakira zveSMD zvikamu
- Space optimization: Nekusada kuchera, mativi ese ePCB anogona kushandiswa uye kuderedza huwandu hwese hwechishandiso.
- Maitiro otomatiki: Yakanakira kugadzirwa kwehuwandu, sezvo ichibvumira kushandiswa kwemichina yemagetsi uye inoderedza kukanganisa kwevanhu.
- Top performance: Zvikamu zveSMD zvinopa kukanganiswa kwemagetsi kushoma uye zvinoshanda zvakanyanya mumamiriro epamusoro.
Zvakaipa zveSMD zvikamu
- Lower mechanical resistance: Nekuti ivo havapfuure nepakati pebhodhi, zvikamu zveSMD zvinogona kunyungudika zviri nyore pasi pemamiriro ekushushikana kwemuviri.
- Zvakaoma kune prototypes: Iyo diki saizi uye kudiwa kwehunyanzvi michina inoomesera manyore prototyping.
- Mari yekutanga yakakwira: Iko kudyara mumakina uye kudzidziswa kwakakwira zvichienzaniswa nePTH tekinoroji.
Kusiyana pakati pePTH uye SMD
Pane misiyano yakakosha inopatsanura ese matekinoroji uye kuona mashandisiro awo mune chaiwo maapplication. Chisarudzo chinoenderana zvakanyanya nezvinodiwa zveprojekiti, bhajeti uye mamiriro ekushanda..
| Chitarisiko | PTH Zvikamu | SMD zvikamu |
|---|---|---|
| Yakagarwa nzvimbo | Meya | Zvishoma |
| Kureruka kweprototyping | Alta | Yakadzika |
| Mechanical simba | Alta | Media |
| Mutengo wekugadzira | Alto | Yakaderera (mumavhoriyamu makuru) |
| Applications | Industrial, mauto, prototypes | Kugadzirwa kwemazhinji, compact zvishandiso |
Zvikumbiro uye zviitiko zvekushandisa
PTH uye SMD zvikamu zvinogara mumaindasitiri akasiyana, imwe neimwe iine niche yayo yekutenda kune yayo chaiyo maitiro. Semuenzaniso, matekinoroji ePTH anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muaerospace uye maindasitiri emauto, nepo maSMD achitonga. zvikamu zvakadai semagetsi evatengi uye zvishandiso zvinopfekwa.
Muenzaniso wakajairwa wekushandiswa kwePTH ungave mune matransformer, majoini kana epamusoro-simba semiconductors. Kune rimwe divi, maSMD akanakira midziyo yekurapa, mafoni, mahwendefa nemidziyo yekuyeresa nekuda kwehukuru hwayo compact uye kuderedzwa uremu.
Matekinoroji ese ari maviri anogona kugarisana mumapurojekiti akasanganiswa, uko kusimba kwechimwe nechimwe kunoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemudziyo. Semuenzaniso, zvikamu zvePTH zvinogona kushandiswa yakasimba ma mechanical connections uye SMD kune yakanyanya kuoma uye compact maseketi.
Muchinyorwa ichi chese, takaongorora zvakadzama mutsauko wakakosha pakati pePTH neSMD matekinoroji, tichiongorora zvakanakira, zvazvakaipira uye mashandisiro. Nepo PTH ichipa kusimba uye kureruka muzvikamu zveprototyping, SMD inopa compactness uye kushanda nesimba mukugadzirwa kwakawanda. Sarudzo pakati pezviviri zvichagara zvichitsamira pane zvimwe zvinodiwa zvepurojekiti imwe neimwe, pamwe chete nebhajeti uye zviripo zvehunyanzvi zviwanikwa.